2-Quinazolinone compounds and methods of use

ABSTRACT

The present invention comprises a new class of compounds useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of protein kinase mediated diseases, including inflammation and related conditions. The compounds have a general Formula I  
                 
 
wherein A 1 , A 2 , B, s, T, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are defined herein. The invention also comprises pharmaceutical compositions including one or more compounds of Formula I, methods of use such as treatment of kinase mediated diseases by administering the compounds of Formula I or compositions including the compounds of Formula I, and intermediates and processes useful for the preparation of compounds of Formula I.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/831,896, filed Jul. 17, 2006, which disclosure is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to the field of pharmaceutical agents and, more specifically, to pharmaceutically active compounds, compositions and methods of use thereof, to treat various disorders, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases and other maladies, such as pain and diabetes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Protein kinases represent a large family of enzymes, which catalyze the phosphorylation of target protein substrates. The phosphorylation is usually a transfer reaction of a phosphate group from ATP to the protein substrate. Common points of attachment for the phosphate group to the protein substrate include, for example, a tyrosine, serine or threonine residue. For example, protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are enzymes, which catalyze the phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in cellular proteins. Examples of kinases in the protein kinase family include, without limitation, ab1, Akt, bcr-ab1, Blk, Brk, Btk, c-kit, c-Met, c-src, c-fms, CDK1, CDK2, CDK3, CDK4, CDK5, CDK6, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9, CDK10, cRaf1, CSF1R, CSK, EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, Erk, Fak, fes, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, FGFR5, Fgr, fit-1, Fps, Frk, Fyn, Hck, IGF-1R, INS-R, Jak, KDR, Lck, Lyn, MEK, p38, PDGFR, PIK, PKC, PYK2, ros, tie, tie2, TRK, Yes, and Zap70. Due to their activity in numerous cellular processes, protein kinases have emerged as important therapeutic targets.

Protein kinases play a central role in the regulation and maintenance of a wide variety of cellular processes and cellular function. For example, kinase activity acts as molecular switches regulating inflammatory cytokine production via various pathways. Uncontrolled or excessive cytokine production has been observed in many disease states, and particularly in those related to inflammation.

The p38 protein kinase has been reported to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) are pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by a variety of cells, including monocytes and macrophages; in response to many inflammatory stimuli (e.g., lipopolysaccharide—LPS) or external cellular stress (e.g., osmotic shock and peroxide).

Elevated levels of TNF-α over basal levels have been implicated in mediating or exacerbating a number of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; allergic rhinitis; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; contact dermatitis; asthma; muscle degeneration; cachexia; Reiter's syndrome; type II diabetes; bone resorption diseases; graft vs. host reaction; ischemia reperfusion injury; atherosclerosis; brain trauma; multiple sclerosis; cerebral malaria; sepsis; septic shock; toxic shock syndrome; fever, and myalgias due to infection. HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses (including HSV-1, HSV-2), and herpes zoster are also exacerbated by TNF-α.

TNF-α has been reported to play a role in head trauma, stroke, and ischemia. For instance, in animal models of head trauma (rat), TNF-α levels increased in the contused hemisphere (Shohami et al., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14, 615 (1994)). In a rat model of ischemia wherein the middle cerebral artery was occluded, the levels of TNF-α mRNA of TNF-α increased (Feurstein et al., Neurosci. Lett. 164, 125 (1993)). Administration of TNF-α into the rat cortex has been reported to result in significant neutrophil accumulation in capillaries and adherence in small blood vessels. TNF-α promotes the infiltration of other cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and also chemokines, which promote neutrophil infiltration into the infarct area (Feurstein, Stroke 25, 1481 (1994)).

TNF-α appears to play a role in promoting certain viral life cycles and disease states associated therewith. For instance, TNF-α secreted by monocytes induced elevated levels of HIV expression in a chronically infected T cell clone (Clouse et al., J. Immunol. 142, 431 (1989)). Lahdevirta et al., (Am. J. Med. 85, 289 (1988)) discussed the role of TNF-α in the HIV associated states of cachexia and muscle degradation.

TNF-α is upstream in the cytokine cascade of inflammation. As a result, elevated levels of TNF-α may lead to elevated levels of other inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8. Elevated levels of IL-1 over basal levels have been implicated in mediating or exacerbating a number of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; ulcerative-colitis; anaphylaxis; muscle degeneration; cachexia; Reiter's syndrome; type II diabetes; bone resorption diseases; ischemia reperfusion injury; atherosclerosis; brain trauma; multiple sclerosis; sepsis; septic shock; and toxic shock syndrome. Viruses sensitive to TNF-α inhibition, e.g., HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, are also affected by IL-1.

TNF-α and IL-1 appear to play a role in pancreatic β cell destruction and diabetes. Pancreatic β cells produce insulin which helps mediate blood glucose homeostasis. Deterioration of pancreatic β cells often accompanies type I diabetes. Pancreatic β cell functional abnormalities may occur in patients with type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is characterized by a functional resistance to insulin. Further, type II diabetes is also often accompanied by elevated levels of plasma glucagon and increased rates of hepatic glucose production. Glucagon is a regulatory hormone that attenuates liver gluconeogenesis inhibition by insulin. Glucagon receptors have been found in the liver, kidney and adipose tissue. Thus glucagon antagonists are useful for attenuating plasma glucose levels (WO 97/16442, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). By antagonizing the glucagon receptors, it is thought that insulin responsiveness in the liver will improve, thereby decreasing gluconeogenesis and lowering the rate of hepatic glucose production.

In rheumatoid arthritis models in animals, multiple intra-articular injections of IL-1 have led to an acute and destructive form of arthritis (Chandrasekhar et al., Clinical Immunol Immunopathol. 55, 382 (1990)). In studies using cultured rheumatoid synovial cells, IL-1 is a more potent inducer of stromelysin than is TNF-α (Firestein, Am. J. Pathol. 140, 1309 (1992)). At sites of local injection, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte emigration has been observed. The emigration is attributed to the induction of chemokines (e.g., IL-8), and the up-regulation of adhesion molecules (Dinarello, Eur. Cytokine Netw. 5, 517-531 (1994)).

IL-1 also appears to play a role in promoting certain viral life cycles. For example, cytokine-induced increase of HIV expression in a chronically infected macrophage line has been associated with a concomitant and selective increase in IL-1 production (Folks et al., J. Immunol. 136, 40 (1986)). Beutler et al. (J. Immunol. 135, 3969 (1985)) discussed the role of IL-1 in cachexia. Baracos et al. (New Eng. J. Med. 308, 553 (1983)) discussed the role of IL-1 in muscle degeneration.

In rheumatoid arthritis, both IL-1 and TNF-α induce synoviocytes and chondrocytes to produce collagenase and neutral proteases, which leads to tissue destruction within the arthritic joints. In a model of arthritis (collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and mice), intra-articular administration of TNF-α either prior to or after the induction of CIA led to an accelerated onset of arthritis and a more severe course of the disease (Brahn et al., Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 11, 253 (1992); and Cooper, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 898, 244 (1992)).

IL-8 has been implicated in exacerbating and/or causing many disease states in which massive neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation or injury (e.g., ischemia) is mediated by the chemotactic nature of IL-8, including, but not limited to, the following: asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, thrombosis and glomerulonephritis. In addition to the chemotaxis effect on neutrophils, IL-8 also has the ability to activate neutrophils. Thus, reduction in IL-8 levels may lead to diminished neutrophil infiltration.

Several approaches have been taken to block the effect of TNF-α. One approach involves using soluble receptors for TNF-α (e.g., TNFR-55 or TNFR-75), which have demonstrated efficacy in animal models of TNF-α-mediated disease states. A second approach to neutralizing TNF-α using a monoclonal antibody specific to TNF-α, cA2, has demonstrated improvement in swollen joint count in a Phase II human trial of rheumatoid arthritis (Feldmann et al., Immunological Reviews, pp. 195-223 (1995)). These approaches block the effects of TNF-α and IL-1 by either protein sequestration or receptor antagonism.

Yet another approach to block the effect of TNF-α has been to modulate the activity of the p38 kinase enzyme. For example, the PCT publication, WO 04/010995, published on Feb. 5, 2004, describes fused heteroaryl derivatives for use as P38 kinase inhibitors in the treatment of I.A. rheumatoid arthritis; PCT publication, WO 2005/009937, published on Feb. 3, 2005, describes 5-membered heterocycle-based P38 kinase inhibitors; U.S. Pat. No. 6,635,644, issued Oct. 21, 2003, describes fused nitrogen-containing bicyclic ring systems as P38 inhibitors; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,794,380, issued Sep. 21, 2004, describes amide derivatives as P38 inhibitors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a new class of compounds useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases and other maladies, such as pain. More particularly, the compounds of the invention are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases or conditions involving inflammation. To this end, the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods for the prophylaxis and treatment of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases, such as inflammatory pain, by administering the compounds and compositions of the invention, and intermediates and processes useful for the preparation of the compounds of the invention.

The compounds provided by the invention, including stereoisomers, tautomers, solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derivatives or prodrugs thereof, are defined by general Formula I

wherein A¹, A², B, s, T, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are as described below. The invention also provides procedures for making compounds of Formula I, as well as intermediates useful in such procedures.

The compounds provided by the invention are capable of modulating the activity of various kinase proteins. For example, in one embodiment, the compounds are capable of modulating a p38 kinase enzyme. To this end, the compounds are useful for therapeutic, prophylactic, acute and/or chronic treatment of kinase mediated diseases, such as those described herein, including the treatment conditions involving inflammation.

The invention further provides the preparation of a medicament, containing one or more of the compounds, useful to attenuate, alleviate, or treat disorders through inhibition of such kinase enzymes. For example, and in one embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective dosage amount of a compound of Formula I in association with a least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The foregoing merely summarizes certain aspects of the invention and is not intended, nor should it be construed, as limiting the invention in any way. All patents and other publications recited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds, including stereoisomers, tautomers, solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derivatives or prodrugs thereof, are defined by general Formula I:

or stereoisomer, tautomer, solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, derivative or prodrug thereof, wherein

s is a double bond when T is absent or s is a single bond when T is R¹ or H;

each of A¹ and A², independently, is CR⁵ or N;

B is a direct bond, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, —C(═O)—, —N(R⁶)—, —O—, or —S(═O)_(m)—, wherein m is 0, 1 or 2;

T is absent, R¹ or H;

R¹ is —C(R⁷R⁷)_(n)X or —C(R⁷R⁸)_(n)X, wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 and X is NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁷, SR⁷, OR⁸, SR⁸, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷(COOR⁷), OC(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁸), OC(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸ or a 3-8 membered monocyclic or 6-12 membered bicyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic or 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring system is optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents of R⁷, R⁸ or R⁹;

R² is H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁸ or R⁹;

R³ is a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 5-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring system is substituted independently with one or more substituents of R⁹, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁷, SR⁷, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁷, C(S)R⁷, C(NCN)R⁷, C(O)R⁸, C(S)R⁸, C(NCN)R⁷, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷(COOR⁷), OC(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁸), OC(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸ or NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸;

R⁴ is H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹;

each R⁵ is, independently, H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹;

R⁶ is H, CN or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl optionally comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹;

R⁷ is H, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹R⁹, OR⁸, SR⁸, OR⁹, SR⁹, C(O)R⁸, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)R⁹, OC(O)R⁹, COOR⁹, C(O)NR⁸R⁹, C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹C(O)R⁸, NR⁹C(O)R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹(COOR⁸), NR⁹(COOR⁹), OC(O)NR⁸R⁹, OC(O)NR⁹R⁹, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁸R⁹, S(O)₂R⁹, S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁸, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁹, R⁸ or R⁹;

R⁸ is a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 3-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and wherein each ring of said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹, oxo, NR⁹R⁹, OR⁹, SR⁹, C(O)R⁹, COOR⁹, C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹C(O)R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁹R⁹, OC(O)NR⁹R⁹, S(O)₂R⁹, S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁹, or a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 5-6 membered ring of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹;

alternatively, R⁷ and R⁸ taken together form a saturated or partially or fully unsaturated 5-6 membered monocyclic or 7-10 membered bicyclic ring of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and the ring optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹; and

R⁹ is H, halo, haloalkyl, CN, OH, NO₂, NH₂, oxo, acetyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₄₋₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-dialkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-alkoxyl, C₁₋₁₀-thioalkoxyl or a saturated or partially or fully unsaturated 3-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₄₋₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-dialkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-alkoxyl, C₁₋₁₀-thioalkoxyl and ring of said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of halo, haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, NH₂, OH, oxo, methyl, methoxyl, ethyl, ethoxyl, propyl, propoxyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, benzyl or phenyl,

provided that (1) when T is not absent, then one of R¹ and T is H, and (2) when s is absent, T is R¹ or H and B is a direct bond, then R³ is not 4,5-dihydro-3-oxo-pyridazine, 2-oxo-pyridin-5-yl, 2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-4-yl, 2-oxo-pyrimidin-4-yl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydro- and tetrahydro-furyl, dihydro- and tetrahydro-pyrrolyl and dihydro- and tetrahydro-thienyl.

Accordingly, the invention excludes those compounds of Formula I wherein (1) each of R¹ and T, independently, is H, and (2) when s is absent (s does not represent a double bond), T is R¹ or H and B is a direct bond, then R³ is not 4,5-dihydro-3-oxo-pyridazine, 2-oxo-pyridin-5-yl, 2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-4-yl, 2-oxo-pyrimidin-4-yl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydro- and tetrahydro-furyl, dihydro- and tetrahydro-pyrrolyl and dihydro- and tetrahydro-thienyl.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein s is a double bond and T is absent, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another-embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein T is H and s is s single bond, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein T is absent and s is a double bond, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein s is a single bond and T is R¹, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein A² is N and A¹ is CR⁵, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein A¹ is N and A² is CR⁵, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein A² is N and A¹ is CR⁵, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein both A¹ and A² are each N, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein both A¹ and A² are each CR⁵, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein B is a direct bond, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein B is —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, wherein m is 0, 1 or 2, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein B is —C(═O)—, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein B is —N(R⁶)—, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein B is —O—, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein B is —S(═O)_(m)—, wherein m is 0, 1 or 2, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein A¹ is CR⁵ or N, A² is CR⁵ and R³ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl or benzimidazolyl, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R¹ is —C(R⁷R⁷)_(n)X or —C(R⁷R⁸)_(n)X, wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 and X is NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁷; SR⁷, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁷, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁷, C(O)R⁸, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷(COOR⁷), OC(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁸), OC(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R¹ is a 5-8 membered monocyclic or 6-12 membered bicyclic ring system as R¹, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic or 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring system is optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents of R⁷, R⁸ or R⁹, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R¹ is a ring system selected from phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dioxozinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, wherein said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, oxo, OR⁷, SR⁷, C(O)R⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁸, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁸, OC(O)R⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O₂)NR⁷R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R¹ is a ring system selected from phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dioxozinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, wherein said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, oxo, OR⁷, SR⁷C(O)R⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁸, COOR⁷, COOR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O₂)NR⁷R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸ in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R² is H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁸ or R⁹, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R² is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R³ is a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 5-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring system is substituted independently with one or more substituents of R⁹, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁷, SR⁷, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁷, C(S)R⁷, C(NCN)R⁷, C(O)R⁸, C(S)R⁸, C(NCN)R⁸, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷(COOR⁷), OC(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁸), OC(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸ or NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R³ includes least one substituent of C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR¹⁰C(O)NR¹⁰R¹¹, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R³ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl or benzimidazolyl, each of which has one substituent of C(O)R⁷, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁷, C(O)R⁸OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)SR⁷, C(O)SR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁷), NR⁷(COOR⁸), OC(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷ or NR¹⁰S(O)₂R¹¹, and 1-3 optional substituents of R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁷, SR⁷, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁷, C(S)R⁷, C(NCN)R⁷, C(O)R⁸, C(S)R¹¹, C(NCN)R⁸, C(O)C(O)R⁸, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁷, C(O)SR⁷, C(O)C(O)R⁸, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)SR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, OC(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁷), NR⁷(COOR⁸), NR⁷C(O)C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)C(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R³ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl or benzimidazolyl, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R⁴ is H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R⁴ is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R¹ is NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁷, SR⁷, OR⁸; SR⁸, C(O)R⁷, C(O)R⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷(COOR⁷), C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁸), S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸ or a ring system selected from phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dioxozinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, wherein said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, oxo, OR⁷, SR⁷, C(O)R⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁸, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁸, OC(O)R⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O₂)NR⁷R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein each R⁵ is, independently, H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein R⁸ is H, CN or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl optionally comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments.

In another embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I wherein

A¹ is CR⁵ or N;

A² is CR⁵;

R¹ is a ring system selected from phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dioxozinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, wherein the ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, oxo, OR⁷, SR⁷, C(O)R⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁸, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁸, OC(O)R⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O₂)NR⁷R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸;

R² is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl;

R³ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl or benzimidazolyl, said R³ substituted with one substituent of C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸ and 0-3 substituents of R⁹;

R⁴ is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl;

R⁵ is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl;

R⁶ is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl;

R⁷ is H, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl or C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl and C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents of NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹R⁹, OR⁸, SR⁸, OR⁹, SR⁹, C(O)R⁸, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)R⁹, OC(O)R⁹, COOR⁹, C(O)NR⁸R⁹, C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹C(O)R⁸, NR⁹C(O)R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹(COOR⁸), NR⁹(COOR⁹), OC(O)NR⁸R⁹, OC(O)NR⁹R⁹, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁸R⁹, S(O)₂R⁹, S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁸, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁹, R⁸ or R⁹;

R⁸ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dioxozinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, each of which is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹, oxo, NR⁹R⁹, OR⁹, SR⁹, C(O)R⁹, COOR⁹, C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹C(O)R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁹R⁹, OC(O)NR⁹R⁹, S(O)₂R⁹, S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁹, or a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 5-6 membered ring of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹;

alternatively, R⁷ and R⁸ taken together form a saturated or partially or fully unsaturated 5-6 membered monocyclic or 7-10 membered bicyclic ring of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and the ring optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹; and

R⁹ is H, halo, haloalkyl, CN, OH, NO₂, NH₂, acetyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₄₋₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-dialkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-alkoxyl, C₁₋₁₀-thioalkoxyl or a saturated or partially or fully unsaturated 3-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-dialkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-alkoxyl, C₁₋₁₀-thioalkoxyl and ring of said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of halo, haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, NH₂, OH, oxo, methyl, methoxyl, ethyl, ethoxyl, propyl, propoxyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, benzyl or phenyl.

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions should assist in understanding the invention described herein.

The terms “agonist” and “agonistic” when used herein refer to or describe a molecule which is capable of, directly or indirectly, substantially inducing, promoting or enhancing biological activity of a biological molecule, such as an enzyme or receptor, including p38.

The term “comprising” is meant to be open ended, including the indicated component(s), but not excluding other elements.

The term “H” denotes a single hydrogen atom. This radical may be attached, for example, to an oxygen atom to form a hydroxyl radical.

The term “C_(α-β)alkyl”, when used either alone or within other terms such as “haloalkyl” and “alkylamino”, embraces linear or branched radicals having α to β number of carbon atoms (such as C₁-C₁₀). Examples of alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isoamyl, hexyl and the like. The term “alkylenyl” embraces bridging divalent alkyl radicals such as methylenyl and ethylenyl.

The term “alkenyl”, when used alone or in combination, embraces linear or branched radicals having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a moiety having between two and ten carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl radicals include, without limitation, ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, propenyl, butenyl and 4-methylbutenyl. The terms “alkenyl” and “lower alkenyl”, embrace radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations, as appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art.

The term “alkynyl”, when used alone or in combination, denotes linear or branched radicals having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and having two to ten carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl radicals include, without limitation, ethynyl, propynyl (propargyl), butynyl, and the like.

The term “alkoxy” or “alkoxyl”, when used alone or in combination, embraces linear or branched oxygen-containing radicals, each having alkyl portions of one or more carbon atoms. Examples of alkoxy radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and tert-butoxy. Alkoxy radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkoxy” radicals. Examples of such radicals include fluoromethoxy, chloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, fluoroethoxy and fluoropropoxy.

The phrase “partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 3-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S″ as used herein, means each ring of the single, double or triple ring radical or ring system (fused ring radical in the case of a double or triple) may be a carbocyclic ring (“cycloalkyl”), an aromatic carbocycle (an “aryl” group), a heterocyclic ring or a heteroaromatic ring (a “heteroaryl” ring), each of which is optionally substituted as specified.

The term “aryl”, when used alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic moiety containing one, two or even three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a fused manner. Every ring of an “aryl” ring system need not be aromatic, and the ring(s) fused to the aromatic ring may be partially or fully unsaturated and include one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Thus, the term “aryl” embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, dihydrobenzafuranyl, anthracenyl, 1.5 indanyl, benzodioxazinyl, and the like. The “aryl” group may be subsitituted, such as with 1 to 5 substituents including lower alkyl, hydroxyl, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, cyano, alkoxy and lower alkylamino, and the like. Phenyl substituted with —O—CH₂—O— or —O—CH₂—CH₂—O— forms an aryl benzodioxolyl substituent.

The term “cycloalkyl”, when used herein alone or in combination, means a partially or fully saturated ring moiety containing one (“monocyclic”), two (“bicyclic”) or even three (“tricyclic”) rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a fused manner and formed from carbon atoms. Examples of saturated carbocyclic radicals include saturated 3 to 6-membered monocyclic groups such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane.

The terms “ring” and “ring system” refer to a ring comprising the delineated number of atoms, the atoms being carbon or, where indicated, a heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Where the number of atoms is not delineated, such as a “monocyclic ring system” or a “bicyclic ring system”, the numbers of atoms are 5-8 for a monocyclic and 6-12 for a bicyclic ring. The ring itself, as well as any substitutents thereon, may be attached at any atom that allows a stable compound to be formed. The term “nonaromatic” ring or ring system refers to the fact that at least one, but not necessarily all, rings in a bicyclic or tricyclic ring system is nonaromatic.

The term “cycloalkenyl”, when used alone or in combination, means a partially or fully saturated cycloalkyl containing one, two or even three rings in a structure having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the structure. Examples of cycloalkenyl groups include C₃-C₆ rings, such as compounds including, without limitation, cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene and cyclohexene. The term also includes carbocyclic groups having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds such as “cycloalkyldienyl” compounds. Examples of cycloalkyldienyl groups include, without limitation, cyclopentadiene and cycloheptadiene.

The term “halo”, when used alone or in combination, means halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms.

The term “haloalkyl”, when used alone or in combination, embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. For example, this term includes monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl radicals such as a perhaloalkyl. A monohaloalkyl radical, for example, may have an iodo, bromo, chloro or fluoro atom within the radical. Dihalo and polyhaloalkyl radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. Examples of haloalkyl radicals include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl. “Perfluoroalkyl”, as used herein, refers to alkyl radicals having all hydrogen atoms replaced with fluoro atoms. Examples include trifluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl.

The term “heteroaryl”, as used herein, either alone or in combination, means a fully unsaturated (aromatic) ring moiety formed from carbon atoms and having one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The ring moiety or ring system may contain one (“monocyclic”), two (“bicyclic”) or even three (“tricyclic”) rings wherein such rings are attached together in a fused manner. Every ring of a “heteroaryl” ring system need not be aromatic, and the ring(s) fused thereto (to the heteroaromatic ring) may be partially or fully saturated and optionally include one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The term “heteroaryl” does not include rings having ring members of —O—O—, —O—S— or —S—S—.

Examples of unsaturated heteroaryl radicals, include unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heteromonocyclyl groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, including for example, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl [e.g., 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl] and tetrazole; unsaturated 7- to 10-membered heterobicyclyl groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, including for example, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, aza-quinazolinyl, and the like; unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, for example, pyranyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, benzofuryl, etc.; unsaturated 5 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing a sulfur atom, for example, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, benzothienyl, etc.; unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl [e.g., 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl]; unsaturated 5 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl [e.g., 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl].

The term “heterocyclic”, when used alone or in combination, means a partially or fully saturated ring moiety containing one, two or even three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a fused manner, formed from carbon atoms and including one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S. Examples of saturated heterocyclic radicals include saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms [e.g. pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, piperazinyl]; saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g. morpholinyl]; saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., thiazolidinyl]. Examples of partially saturated heterocyclyl radicals include dihydrothienyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuryl and dihydrothiazolyl.

The term “heterocycle” also embraces radicals where heterocyclic radicals are fused/condensed with aryl radicals: unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl [e.g., tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazinyl]; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g. benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl]; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl]; and saturated, partially unsaturated and unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen or sulfur atoms [e.g. benzofuryl, benzothienyl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxinyl and dihydrobenzofuryl]. Examples of heterocyclic radicals include five to ten membered fused or unfused radicals.

Examples of partially saturated and saturated heterocyclyl include, without limitation, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiazolidinyl, dihydrothienyl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, 1,2-dihydroquinolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolyl, 2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-3-aza-fluorenyl, 5,6,7-trihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinolyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazinyl, benzo[1,4]dioxanyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ′-benzo[d]isothiazol-6-yl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuryl and dihydrothiazolyl, and the like.

The term “alkylamino” includes “N-alkylamino” where amino radicals are independently substituted with one alkyl radical. Examples of alkylamino radicals include N-methylamino, and N-ethylamino, N-propylamino, N-isopropylamino and the like.

The term “dialkylamino” includes “N,N-dialkylamino” where amino radicals are independently substituted with two alkyl radicals. Examples of dialkylamino radicals include N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, and the like.

The terms “carboxy” or “carboxyl”, whether used alone or with other terms, such as “carboxyalkyl”, denotes —CO₂H.

The term “carbonyl”, whether used alone or with other terms, such as “aminocarbonyl”, denotes —(C═O)—.

The term “alkylthio” embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms, attached to a divalent sulfur atom. An example of “alkylthio” is methylthio, (CH₃S—).

The term “haloalkylthio” embraces radicals containing a haloalkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms, attached to a divalent sulfur atom. An example of “haloalkylthio” is trifluoromethylthio.

The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable” when used with reference to a compound of Formula I is intended to refer to a form of the compound that is safe for administration. For example, a salt form, a solvate, a hydrate or derivative form of a compound of Formula I, which has been approved for mammalian use, via oral ingestion or other routes of administration, by a governing body or regulatory agency, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States, is pharmaceutically acceptable.

Included in the compounds of Formula I are the pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the free-base compounds. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salts” embraces salts commonly used to form alkali metal salts and to form addition salts of free acids or free bases. As appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, salts may be formed from ionic associations, charge-charge interactions, covalent bonding, complexation, coordination, etc. The nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it is pharmaceutically acceptable.

Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of compounds of Formula I may be prepared from an inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, hydrofluoric, nitric, carbonic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, examples of which include, without limitation, formic, acetic, adipic, butyric, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucuronic, maleic, fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic, mesylic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, ethanedisulfonic, benzenesulfonic, pantothenic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, sulfanilic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, camphoric, camphorsulfonic, digluconic, cyclopentanepropionic, dodecylsulfonic, glucoheptanoic, glycerophosphonic, heptanoic, hexanoic, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonic, nicotinic, 2-naphthalenesulfonic, oxalic, palmoic, pectinic, persulfuric, 2-phenylpropionic, picric, pivalic propionic, succinic, thiocyanic, undecanoic, stearic, algenic, β-hydroxybutyric, salicylic, galactaric and galacturonic acid. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable base addition salts of compounds of Formula I include metallic salts, such as salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc, or salts made from organic bases including, without limitation, primary, secondary and tertiary amines, substituted amines including cyclic amines, such as caffeine, arginine, diethylamine, N-ethyl piperidine, histidine, glucamine, isopropylamine, lysine, morpholine, N-ethyl morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, triethylamine, disopropylethylamine and trimethylamine. All of these salts may be prepared by conventional means from the corresponding compound of the invention by reacting, for example, the appropriate acid or base with the compound of Formula I.

Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides, and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.

Examples of acids that may be employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include such inorganic acids as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, citric acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid and such organic acids as oxalic acid, stearic and, salicylic acid, pamoic acid, gluconic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, medronic acid, napsylic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid and citric acid. Other examples include salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium, or with organic bases.

Additional examples of such salts can be found in Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 66, 1 (1977). Conventional methods may be used to form the salts. For example, a phosphate salt of a compound of the invention may be made by combining the desired compound free base in a desired solvent, or combination of solvents, with phosphoric acid in a desired stoichiometric amount, at a desired temperature, typically under heat (depending upon the boiling point of the solvent). The salt can be precipitated upon cooling (slow or fast) and may crystallize (i.e., if crystalline in nature), as appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, hemi-, mono-, di, tri- and poly-salt forms of the compounds of the present invention are also contemplated herein. Similarly, hemi-, mono-, di, tri- and poly-hydrated forms of the compounds, salts and derivatives thereof, are also contemplated herein.

The term “derivative” is broadly construed herein, and intended to encompass any salt of a compound of this invention, any ester of a compound of this invention, or any other compound, which upon administration to a patient is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of this invention, or a metabolite or residue thereof, characterized by the ability to the ability to modulate a kinase enzyme.

The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable derivative” as used herein, denotes a derivative which is pharmaceutically acceptable.

The term “prodrug”, as used herein, denotes a compound which upon administration to a subject or patient is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of this invention. Examples of prodrugs would include esterified or hydroxylated compounds where the ester or hydroxyl groups would cleave in vivo, such as in the gut, to produce a compound according to Formula I. A “pharmaceutically-acceptable prodrug” as used herein, denotes a prodrug which is pharmaceutically acceptable. Pharmaceutically acceptable modifications to the compounds of Formula I are readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art.

The compound(s) of Formula I may be used to treat a subject by administering the compound(s) as a pharmaceutical composition. To this end, the compound(s) can be combined with one or more carriers, diluents or adjuvants to form a suitable composition, which is described in more detail herein.

The term “carrier”, as used herein, denotes any pharmaceutically acceptable additive, excipient, adjuvant, or other suitable ingredient, other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), which is typically included for formulation and/or administration purposes. “Diluent” and “adjuvant” are defined hereinafter.

The terms “treat”, “treating,” “treatment,” and “therapy” as used herein refer to therapy, including without limitation, curative therapy, prophylactic therapy, and preventative therapy. Prophylactic treatment generally constitutes either preventing the onset of disorders altogether or delaying the onset of a pre-clinically evident stage of disorders in individuals.

The phrase “effective dosage amount” is intended to quantify the amount of each agent, which will achieve the goal of improvement in disorder severity and the frequency of incidence over treatment of each agent by itself, while avoiding adverse side effects typically associated with alternative therapies. For example, effective neoplastic therapeutic agents prolong the survivability of the patient, inhibit the rapidly-proliferating cell growth associated with the neoplasm, or effect a regression of the neoplasm.

The term “leaving groups” (also denoted as “LG”) generally refer to groups that are displaceable by a nucleophile. Such leaving groups are known in the art. Examples of leaving groups include, but are not limited to, halides (e.g., I, Br, F, Cl), sulfonates (e.g., mesylate, tosylate), sulfides (e.g., SCH₃), N-hydroxsuccinimide, —N-hydroxybenzotriazole, and the like. Nucleophiles are species that are capable of attacking a molecule at the point of attachment of the leaving group causing displacement of the leaving group. Nucleophiles are known in the art. Examples of nucleophilic groups include, but are not limited to, amines, thiols, alcohols, Grignard reagents, anionic species (e.g., alkoxides, amides, carbanions) and the like.

General Synthetic Procedures

The present invention further comprises procedures for the preparation of compounds of Formula I. The compounds of Formula I can be synthesized according to the procedures described in the following Schemes 1-4, wherein the substituents are as defined for Formula I, above, except where further noted. The synthetic methods described below are merely exemplary, and the compounds of the invention may also be synthesized by alternate routes as appreciated by persons of ordinary skill in the art.

The following list of abbreviations used throughout the specification represents the following and should assist in understanding the invention:

-   ACN, MeCN—acetonitrile -   BSA—bovine serum albumin -   BOP—benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy hexafluorophosphate -   Cs₂CO₃-cesium carbonate -   CHCl₃—chloroform -   CH₂Cl₂, DCM—dichloromethane, methylene chloride -   CCl₄—carbon tetrachloride -   DCC—dicyclohexylcarbodiimide -   DIC—1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide -   DIEA,(ipr)₂NEt—diisopropylethylamine -   DME—dimethoxyethane -   DMF—dimethylformamide -   DMAP—4-dimethylaminopyridine -   DMSO—dimethylsulfoxide -   EDC—1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide -   Et₂O—diethyl ether -   EtOAc—ethyl acetate -   G, gm—gram -   h, hr—hour -   H₂—hydrogen -   H₂O—water -   HATU—O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate -   HBr—hydrobromic acid -   HCl—hydrochloric acid -   HOBt—1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate -   HOAc—acetic acid -   HPLC—high pressure liquid chromatography -   IPA, IpOH—isopropyl alcohol -   K₂CO₃—potassium carbonate -   KI—potassium iodide -   LG—leaving group -   MgSO₄—magnesium sulfate -   MS—mass spectrum -   MeOH—methanol -   N₂—nitrogen -   NaCNBH₃-sodium cyanoborohydride -   Na₂CO₃—sodium carbonate -   NaHCO₃—sodium bicarbonate -   NaH—sodium hydride -   NaOCH₃—sodium methoxide -   NaOH—sodium hydroxide -   Na₂SO₄—sodium sulfate -   NBS—N-bromosuccinimide -   NH₄Cl—ammonium chloride -   NH₄OH—ammonium hydroxide -   NMP—N-methylpyrrolidinone -   P(t-bu)₃—tri(tert-butyl)phosphine -   PMB—p-methoxybenzyl -   Pd/C—palladium on carbon -   Pd(PPh₃)₄—palladium(0)triphenylphosphine tetrakis -   Pd(dppf)Cl₂-palladium(1,1-bisdiphenylphosphinoferrocene) II chloride -   Pd(PhCN)₂Cl₂—palladium di-cyanophenyl dichloride -   Pd(OAc)₂—palladium acetate -   Pd₂(dba)₃—bis(dibenzylideneacetone) palladium -   PyBop—benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tripyrrolidino-phosphonium     hexafluorophosphate -   RT—room temperature -   TBTU —O-benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium     tetrafluoroborate -   TEA, Et₃N—triethylamine -   TFA—trifluoroacetic acid -   THF—tetrahydrofuran -   UV—ultraviolet light     A substituted 3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-one 6 or quinazolin-2-one 10,     (X₁ and X₂=halogen such as cl, Br, I or F; where both A₁ and A₂ are     each carbon) or aza-quinazolin-2-one 10 (also 3,4-dihydro—compound     6; where one of A₁ or A₂ is nitrogen), or diaza-quinazolin-2-one 10     (also 3,4-dihydro—compound 6; where both A₁ and A₂ are each     nitrogen) can be prepared according to the method generally     described in Scheme 1. Compounds 6 and 10 may serve as building     blocks for synthesizing compounds of Formula I. As shown, a     di-halo-2-methyl benzene I (where both A₁ and A₂ are each carbon)     can be treated with a source of bromine under suitable conditions,     such as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under suitable conditions and time     to form the corresponding bromomethyl adduct 2. When X₂ is a     chloride, NBS converts this chloride to the corresponding bromide.     This allows for differing reactivity between X₁ and X₂, for later     synthetic manipulation. The bromide of intermediate 2 may be     displaced with a protected amine, such as p-methoxybenzyl amine     (PMB), in the presence of a suitable solvent, to form the     substituted benzylamine compound 3. Compound 3 can then be treated     with benzylisocyanate to form the corresponding bis-protected     urea 4. Intramolecular ring closure of compound 4 can be effected by     reaction with a suitable metal, such as Pd, in the presence of a     suitable solvent, to afford the bis-protected     dihydroquinazolin-2-one compound 5.

Intermediate 5 is useful as it allows one to selectively deprotect the nitrogens, for subsequent reaction with desired reagents to append thereto on the quinazolin-2-one ring. For example, the benzyl protecting group may be removed using conventional methods, such as under nitrogen in the presence of palladium on carbon (see compound 6), while the PMB group may be removed with an acid (see compound 7), such as TFA. Compound 7 can be oxidized up to the corresponding quinazolin-2-one 8 with a suitable oxidant, such as with DDQ (see Example 1 herein). Quinazolin-2-one 8 can be deprotected to afford compound 9, which can then be reacted as desired, to afford a desired R¹ group by conventional methods, such as by known alkylation, metallation or condensation-reduction procedures, to provide intermediate 10. Compound 10 is useful for coupling the desired —B—R³ ring system, as illustrated in scheme 3 below.

A compound 16 of Formula I can be prepared according to the method generally described in Scheme 2. As shown, bromo-nitro benzaldehde 11 (where both A₁ and A₂ are each carbon) can be treated with an amine, via reductive amination to afford the corresponding amino-protected compound 12. The bromine of compound 12 can be reacted in a Suzuki-type reaction, with a desired boronic acid 13, to form the corresponding coupled adduct 14. Suzuki, Heck and similar reactions run in the presence of a suitable base and metal, such as Pd, are well known in the art. The nitro group of compound 14 can be reduced using known reducing methods, such as in the presence of iron/HOAc or Zn/HOAc, to provide the corresponding amino compound 15. Compound 15 can be reacted with a source of a carbonyl, such as with diimidazole methanone as shown above in scheme 1, to yield the dihydro quinazolin-2-one 16.

The Suzuki method is a reaction using a borane reagent, such as a dioxaborolane intermediate 13, and a suitable leaving group (LG) containing reagent, such as the bromo-benzene 12. As appreciated to one of ordinary skill in the art, Suzuki reactions also utilize a palladium catalyst. Suitable palladium catalysts include Pd(PPh₃)₄, Pd(OAc)₂ or Pd(dppf)Cl₂. Where LG is a halide, the halide may be an iodide, a bromide or even a chloride (chloro-pyridyl or chloro-picolinyl B rings undergo suzuki reactions in the presence of Pd(OAc)₂). Other LGs are also suitable. For example, Suzuki couplings are known to occur with a sulfonate, such as trifluoromethanesulfonate, as the leaving group.

The Suzuki reaction conditions may vary. For example, Suzuki reactions are generally run in the presence of a suitable base such as a carbonate base, bicarbonate or an acetate base, in a suitable solvent such as toluene, acetonitrile, DMF or an aqueous-organic solvent combination or a biphasic system of solvents. Further, the reaction may require heat depending upon the particular substrate 12 and/or boronic acid 13, as appreciated by those skilled in the art. In addition, where R³ is an aromatic moiety, such as phenyl, the reaction may be complete in a short period of time with heat.

Further, the boronic acid 13 may be any suitable desired boronic acid having the general formula (RO)₂B—R³ (where “B” is a direct bond) or (RO)₂B—“B”—R³, (where “B” is a spacer such as an —(CR⁵R⁶)₀₋₂—, —C(═O)—, —N(R⁶)—, —O— or —S(═O)₀₋₂—). The boronic acid may also be a cyclic boronate (not shown). In this fashion, desired R¹ groups, such as amino R¹ groups, and R³ groups such as aryl or heteroaryl R³ groups, can be installed into the quinazolin-2-one core. The desired boronic acid compounds 13 may generally be made by conventional methods.

Other known metal coupling chemistry, such Stille, Kumada, Negishi coupling methods, and the like, may be employed to couple dihydro quinazolin-2-ones 6 (scheme 1) or quinazolin-2-ones 10 to desired cyclic R³-substituted moieties.

A compound 22 or 23 of Formula I can be prepared according to the method generally described in Scheme 3. As shown, amino-bromo-benzonitrile 17 (where both A₁ and A₂ are each carbon) can be reduced with a suitable reducing agent, such as borane, to reduce the nitrile down to the corresponding amine 18. The primary and secondary amines of compound 18 can be reacted with diimidazole methanone, as in scheme 2, under suitable conditions to close the dihydroquinazolin-2-one ring of compound 19. The amine may be protected, as shown in compound 20, then reacted with a suitable boronic acid 13 to provide compound 21. Compound 21 can be deprotected to afford the dihydroquinazolin-2-one 22, which in turn may be oxidized up to the corresponding quinazolin-2-one 23, using a suitable oxidant, such as DDQ.

R³ ring systems, generally designated and referred to in Scheme 4, and throughout the specification, as the “B ring” may be substituted with various substitutions including R⁸ ring systems, generally designated and referred to in Scheme 4, and throughout the specification, as the “A ring” system, by various coupling methods as described in Scheme 4. Each of the nine sub-schemes, numbered 1-9 above and described below, utilize the following meanings for (R)_(n), X, Nu⁻, E⁺ and m: (R)_(n) refers to n number of R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹⁶ substitutions wherein n is an integer from 0-9; X refers generally to a “leaving group” such as a halide (bromine, chlorine, iodine or fluorine), alkylsulfonate and other known groups (also see definitions herein); Nu⁻ refers generally to a nucleophilic species such as a primary or secondary amine, an oxygen, a sulfur or a anionic carbon species—examples of nucleophiles include, without limitation, amines, hydroxides, alkoxides and the like; E⁺ refers generally to an electrophilic species, such as the carbon atom of a carbonyl, which is susceptible to nucleophilic attack or readily eliminates—examples of suitable electrophilic carbonyl species include, without limitation, acid halides, mixed anhydrides, aldehydes, carbamoyl-chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, acids activated with activating reagents such as TBTU, HBTU, HATU, HOBT, BOP, PyBOP and carbodiimides (DCC, EDC and the like), and other electrophilic species including halides, isocyanates, daizonium ions and the like; and m is either 0 or 1.

The coupling of rings B and A, as shown as products in sub-schemes 1-9, can be brought about using various conventional methods to link rings B and A together. For example, an amide or a sulfonamide linkage, as shown in sub-schemes 2 and 4, and 7 and 9 where the Nu− is an amine, respectively, can be made utilizing an amine on either the B or A rings and an acid chloride or sulfonyl chloride on the other of either the B or A rings. The reaction proceeds generally in the presence of a suitable solvent and/or base. Suitable solvents include, without limitation, generally non-nucleophilic, anhydrous solvents such as toluene, CH₂Cl₂, THF, DMF, DMSO, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like, including solvent combinations thereof. The solvent may range in polarity, as appreciated by those skilled in the art. Suitable bases include, for example, tertiary amine bases such as DIEA, TEA, carbonate bases such as Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, Cs₂CO₃, hydrides such as NaH, KH, borohydrides, cyanoborohydrides and the like, alkoxides such as NaOCH₃, and the like. The base itself may also serve as a solvent. The reaction may optionally be run neat, i.e., without any base and/or solvent. These coupling reactions are generally fast and conversion occurs typically in ambient conditions. However, depending upon the particular substrate, such reactions may require heat, as appreciated by those skilled in the art.

Similarly, carbamates as illustrated in sub-schemes 5 and 1 where Nu− is an amine, anhydrides as illustrated in sub-scheme 1 where Nu− is an oxygen, reverse amides as generally illustrated in sub-scheme 8 where Nu− is an amine and E+ is an acid chloride, ureas as illustrated in sub-scheme 3, thioamides and thioureas where the respective carbonyl oxygen is a sulfur, thiocarbamates where the respective carbonyl oxygen and/or carbamate oxygen is a sulfur, and the like. While the above methods are so described, they are not exhaustive, and other methods for linking rings A and B together may be utilized as appreciated by those skilled in the art.

Although sub-schemes 1-9 are illustrated as having the nucleophilic and electrophilic coupling groups, such as the amino group and acid chloride groups illustrated in sub-scheme 2, directly attached to the substrate, either the A or B ring, in question, the invention is not so limited. It is contemplated herein that these nucleophilic and/or electrophilic coupling groups may be tethered from their respective ring. For example, the amine group on the B ring, and/or the acid halide group on the A ring, as illustrated in sub-scheme 2, may be removed from direct attachment to the ring by a one or more atom spacer, such as by a methylene, ethylene spacer or the like. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, such spacer may or may not affect the coupling reactions described above, and accordingly, such reaction conditions may need to be modified to effect the desired transformation.

Note that the B-A ring system is connected through a linker “L”. “L” may be any linker generally defined by the R³ substitutions in Formula I, and particularly, it includes, without limitation, an amide, a urea, a thiourea, a thioamide, a carbamate, an anhydride, a sulfonamide and the like, allowing for spacer atoms either between ring B and L and/or between ring A and L, as described in Scheme 4 above.

Further, the amine may be protected, such as with BOC—ON, while further substituents are coupled to the B ring, prior to or after coupling the B ring to an A ring to form the desired R³ group.

To enhance the understanding and appreciation of the present invention, the following specific examples (starting reagents, intermediates and compounds of Formulas I and II) are set forth. The following analytical methods were used to purify and/or characterize the compounds, and intermediates, described in the examples below.

Analytical Methods:

Unless otherwise indicated, all HPLC analyses were run on a Agilent Model 1100 system with an Agilent Technologies Zorbax SB-C₈(5μ) reverse phase column (4.6×150 mm; Part no. 883975-906) run at 30° C. with a flow rate of about 1.50 mL/min. The mobile phase used solvent A (H₂O/0.1% TFA) and solvent B (ACN/0.1% TFA) with a 11 min gradient from 5% to 100% ACN. The gradient was followed by a 2 min. return to 5% ACN and about a 2.5 min. re-equilibration (flush).

LC-MS Method:

Samples were run on an Agilent model-1100 LC-MSD system with an Agilent Technologies XDB-C₈ (3.5μ) reverse phase column (4.6×75 mm) at 30° C. The flow rate was constant and ranged from about 0.75 mL/min to about 1.0 mL/min.

The mobile phase used a mixture of solvent A (H₂O/0.1% HOAc) and solvent B (ACN/0.1% HOAc) with a 9 min time period for a gradient from 10% to 90% solvent B. The gradient was followed by a 0.5 min period to return to 10% solvent B and a 2.5 min 10% solvent B re-equilibration (flush) of the column.

Preparative HPLC Method:

Where indicated, compounds of interest were purified via reverse phase HPLC using a Gilson workstation utilizing one of the following two columns and methods:

(A) Using a 50×100 mm column (Waters, Exterra, C18, 5 microns) at 50 mL/min. The mobile phase used was a mixture of solvent A (H₂O/10 mM ammonium carbonate at pH about 10, adjusted with conc. NH₄OH) and solvent B (85:15 ACN/water, 10 mM ammonium carbonate at pH of about 10 adjusted with conc. NH₄OH). Each purification run utilized a 10 minute gradient from 40% to 100% solvent B followed by a 5 minute flow of 100% solvent B. The gradient was followed by a 2 min return to 40% solvent B.

(B) Using a 20×50 mm column at 20 mL/min. The mobile phase used was a mixture of solvent A (H₂O/0.1% TFA) and solvent B (ACN/0.1% TFA) with a 10 min gradient from 5% to 100% solvent B. The gradient is followed by a 2 min return to 5% ACN.

Proton NMR Spectra:

Unless otherwise indicated, all ¹H NMR spectra were run on a Varian series Mercury 300 MHz instrument or a Bruker series 400 MHz instrument. Where so characterized, all observed protons are reported as parts-per-million (ppm) downfield from tetramethylsilane (TMS) or other internal reference in the appropriate solvent indicated.

Mass Spectra (MS)

Unless otherwise indicated, all mass spectral data for starting materials, intermediates and/or exemplary compounds are reported as mass/charge (m/z), having an (M+H⁺) molecular ion. The molecular ion reported was obtained by electrospray detection method. Compounds having an isotopic atom, such as bromine and the like, are reported according to the detected isotopic pattern, as appreciated by those skilled in the art.

The following examples represent various starting materials and intermediates, which should assist in better understanding and appreciating the exemplary methods of synthesizing compounds of Formula I, as described in schemes 1-4 above. It should be appreciated that the above general methods and specific examples below are merely for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of this invention in any manner.

EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of 1-Benzyl-6-chloroquinazolin-2-(1H)-one

Step A: 1-Bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene

To a stirred mixture of 1,4-dichloro-2-methylbenzene (20.54 g, 0.1 mole) in CCl₄ (100 mL) was added NBS (17.80 g, 0.4 mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (0.10 g, 0.4 mmol) and the overall mixture was heated at 100° C. for 4 h. The resulting mixture was filtered hot, the mother liquor concentrated and the residue was purified using flash column chromatography (100% hexanes) to obtain the desired product, 1-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene as a white solid. MS m/e 283 (M+H)⁺.

Step B: N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)(2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanamine

To a stirred solution of 1-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene (1.70 g, 6 mmol) in ACN (10.0 mL) was added p-methoxybenzyl amine (0.91 g, 6.6 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.08 g, 15.0 mmol) and the overall mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and diluted with EtOAc (15 mL). The separated aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×2) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give a crude residue which was washed with hexanes to obtain the desired product N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanamine as a pale yellow solid. MS m/e 340 (M+H)⁺.

Step C: 3-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-1-benzyl-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one

To a stirring mixture of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanamine (0.94 g, 2.77 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.32 g, 0.277 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (0.77 g, 5.55 mmol) was added DMF (5.0 mL), followed by slow addition of benzyl isocyanate (0.38 mL, 3.05 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 4 hrs. The resulting mixture was concentrated and passed through a short path of silica gel and eluted with DCM until the product eluted. The combined organic layers were concentrated to give the product 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1-benzyl-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one as a pale yellow foam. MS m/e 340 (M+H)⁺.

Step D: 1-Benzyl-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one

To a stirring mixture of 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1-benzyl-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H-one (0.2 g, 0.68 mmol) in DCM (5.0 mL) was added TFA (4.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 5 h. The reaction was monitored by MS, and upon completion, the reaction was concentrated. The crude residue was purified using flash column chromatography (100% DCM to 2% MeOH in DCM) to obtain the desired product 1-benzyl-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one as a white solid. MS m/e 273 (M+H)⁺.

Step E: 1-Benzyl-6-chloroquinazolin-2(1H)-one

To a stirring solution of 1-benzyl-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one (0.15 g, 0.55 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added DDQ (0.13 g, 0.55 mmol) at 0° C. upon which the solution turned black. The mixture was stirred for 4 h at 0° C. and quenched with 1N NaOH(aq). The mixture was passed through a short path of Celite. The separated aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2×15 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give a crude residue, which was purified using flash column chromatography (100% DCM to 4% MeOH in DCM gradient). The product fractions were concentrated, and washed with ether-hexanes and ^(i)PrOH successively to obtain the title compound I-Benzyl-6-chloroquinazolin-2(1H)-one as an off-white solid. MS m/e 271 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 2

Synthesis of 3-(3-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide Step A: N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)(5-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)methanamine

To a stirring mixture of 5-bromo-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (0.46 g, 2.0 mmole (prepared according to a reference: Organic Letters (2003), 5(13), 2251-2253) in DCM (4.0 mL) was added p-methoxybenzyl amine (0.32 mL, 2.4 mmol) and three drops of AcOH. The mixture was stirred at RT for 5 min, after which was added NaB(OAc)₃H (0.64 g, 3 mmol) and the entire mixture was stirred for additional 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenched with NaHCO₃ (aq) and diluted with EtOAc (10 mL). The separated aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×15 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give a crude residue, which was purified using flash column chromatography (100% hexane to 30% EtOAc/hexanes gradient) to obtain the desired product N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(5-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)methanamine as a pale yellow oil. MS m/e 351 (M+H)⁺.

Step B: N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(5-(3-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide)-2-nitrophenyl)methanamine

To a stirring mixture of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(5-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)methanamine (0.62 mmol, 1.77 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide (0.65 g, 2.3 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (20 mg, 0.086 mmol), and P(o-tol)₃ (54 mg, 0.177 mmol) under nitrogen was added DME (10.0 mL) and 2N aqueous Na₂CO₃ (2.3 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux overnight, then cooled to RT, passed through a short path of Celite, and the filtered cake was washed with DCM (3×15 mL). The combined organic phases were concentrated to give a crude residue, which was purified using flash column chromatography (short column, SiO₂ eluting with 100% DCM to 3% MeOH in DCM gradient) to provide the title compound N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(5-(3-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide)-2-nitrophenyl)methanamine as a pale brown foam. MS m/e 446 (M+H)⁺.

Step C: N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)(5-(3-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide)-2-aminophenyl)methanamine

To a stirring solution of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(5-(3-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide)-2-nitrophenyl)methanamine (0.62 g, 1.35 mmol) in THF (10 mL, 123 mmol) and water (10 mL, 555 mmol) was added HOAc (2 ml, 33 mmol) and then iron (0.4 g, 7 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 5 min, then at RT for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO_(3(aq)) and passed through a short path of Celite. The separated aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give a crude residue which was purified using flash column chromatography (eluting with a 100% DCM to 2% MeOH in DCM gradient) to provide the title compound N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(5-(3-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide)-2-aminophenyl)methanamine as a pale brown foam. MS m/e 416 (M+H)⁺.

Step D: 3-(3-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide

To a mixture of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)(5-(3-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide)-2-aminophenyl)methanamine (315 mg, 0.76 mmol) and di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone (0.18 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (5.00 ml) was added NaH (60 mg, 60% in mineral oil) at 0° C. After all of the gas evolved, the reaction was stirred at RT for 1.5 h, The mixture was re-cooled to 0° C., quenched with NH₄Cl_((aq)) and water, extracted with DCM (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried, and concentrated. The crude residue was purified using flash column chromatography (3:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford a sticky colorless syrup which was washed with ether to give 3-(3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide as a white solid. MS m/e 442 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 3

Synthesis of N-Cyclopropyl-4-chloro-3-(2-oxo-1-o-tolyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide Step A: 5-Bromo-2-(2-chlorophenylamino)benzonitrile

To a stirred solution of 2-chlorobenzenamine (1.3 g, 10 mmol) in THF (5.00 ml) was added potassium tert-butoxide 1M THF (10 ml, 10 mmol) at RT. The resulting dark purple mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min and 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile (1.7 g, 8.3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added slowly at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and quenched with NH₄Cl_((aq)) and water (5 mL each). The separated aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to give a crude residue. Flash column chromatographic purification (100% hexanes to 30% DCM in hexanes) of the crude residue provided 5-bromo-2-(2-chlorophenylamino)benzonitrile as a colorless oil. MS m/e 307 (M+H)⁺.

Step B: 6-Bromo-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one

To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-(2-chlorophenylamino)benzonitrile (0.8201 g, 2.67 mmol) in THF (10.00 ml, 2.67 mmol) was slowly added borane-THF (10.7 ml, 10.7 mmol) at RT for 10 min and the resulting mixture was stirred continuously over night. The mixture was quenched with slow addition of MeOH until all bubbling subsided. The mixture was concentrated in vacco. The residue was diluted with NaHCO_(3(aq)) and water (5 mL each) and the separated aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to give the crude residue, which was taken up in THF (8.00 ml) and treated with di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone (0.519 g, 3.20 mmol) at RT. After stirring for 30 min, to the mixture was added potassium 2-methylpropan-2-olate (0.748 g, 6.67 mmol). The suspension was stirred at RT for 1 h and washed with EtOAc-ether to give 6-bromo-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one as a white solid. MS m/e 336 (M+H)⁺.

Step C: 3-(1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide

To a stirred mixture of 6-bromo-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one (0.1993 g, 0.5903 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide (0.2134 g, 0.7084 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.03411 g, 0.02952 mmol) was added 1,2-dimethoxyethane (5.000 ml) followed by 2N Na₂CO_(3(aq)) (0.7379 ml, 1.476 mmol) under nitrogen. The mixture was heated to reflux for 24. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a short path of Celite and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated to give a crude product, which was purified using flash column chromatography (50% EtOAc in hexanes to 100% EtOAc) to afford 3-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide as a white solid. MS m/e 432 (M+H)⁺.

Step D: N-Cyclopropyl-4-chloro-3-(2-oxo-1-o-tolyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide

To a stirred solution of 3-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide (0.1233 g, 285 μmol) in DCM was added DDQ (71 mg, 314 μmol) and the resulting dark-colored mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h. The reaction was quenched with NaHCO_(3(aq)) and water (10 mL each) and the separated aqueous layer was extracted with 5% MeOH in DCM (3×6 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with, 1N NaOH_((aq)), brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to give the crude residue. Flash column chromatographic purification (5% MeOH in DCM) of the crude residue followed by washing the concentrated pure product fractions with ethyl acetate provided N-cyclopropyl-4-chloro-3-(2-oxo-1-o-tolyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide as a white solid. MS m/e 430 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 4

Synthesis of 1-(2-Chlorophenyl)-6-(4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one

The title compound was obtained as a white powder, using 6-bromo-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(H)-one and 4-methylpyridin-3-ylboronic acid, by a method analogous to that described in example 3 above. MS m/e 350 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 5

Synthesis of N-Cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-o-tolyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide

The title compound was obtained as a white powder, using from 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile and o-toluidine, by a method analogous to that described in Example 3 above. MS m/e 412 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 6

Synthesis of N-Cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-o-tolyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide

The title compound was obtained as an off-white solid, using N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-o-tolyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide, by a method analogous to that described in Example 3 above. MS m/e 410 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 7

Synthesis of N-cyclopropyl-N,4-Dimethyl-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide Step A: 3-(3-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-N,4-dimethylbenzamide

To a stirred solution of 3-(3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide (0.5176 g, 1.2 mmol) in DMF (3.00 ml) was added NaH (0.094 g, 60% in mineral oil, 2.3 mmol) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min before slowly adding iodomethane (0.11 ml, 1.8 mmol) at 0° C. The slurry was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min, quenched with NH₄Cl_((aq)) and water (2 mL each) and the separated aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×5 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to give a crude residue (0.445, 83%), which was used directly for the next reaction without further purification. MS m/e 470 (M+H)⁺.

Step B: N-cyclopropyl-N,4-dimethyl-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide

A solution of 3-(3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-N,4-dimethylbenzamide (0.445 g, 948 μmol) in TFA(4.00 ml) in a microwave reaction vessel was sealed and heated at 100° C. for 20 min under microwave irradiation. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a short path of Celite and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The mixture was concentrated and the crude product was taken up to a solution of DCM (5.00 ml), treated with DDQ (215 mg, 948 μmol) at 0° C. for 10 min then stirred at RT for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with NaHCO_(3(aq)) and water (10 mL each) and the separated aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (5 mL×3). The combined organic phases were washed with 1N NaOH_((aq)), brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to give a crude residue. Flash column chromatographic purification (5% MeOH in DCM) of the residue provided the title compound N-cyclopropyl-N,4-dimethyl-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide as a pale tan solid. MS m/e 308 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 8

Synthesis of N-Cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide Step A: 4-Bromo-2-isocyano-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)benzenamine

A mixture of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile (0.3605 g, 1.802 mmol) and 2-morpholinoethanamine (0.5000 ml, 1.802 mmol) in a microwave reaction vessel was sealed and heated at 120° C. for 20 min under microwave irradiation. After cooling, the mixture was quenched with NH₄Cl_((aq)) and water (5 mL each) and the separated aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to give a crude residue. Flash column chromatographic purification (pure DCM—2% MeOH in DCM) of the residue provided 4-bromo-2-isocyano-N-(2-morpholinoethyl)benzenamine (0.55 g, 98%) as a colorless oil, which soldified under vacuum. MS m/e 310 (M+H)⁺.

Step B: 6-Bromo-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one

To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-(2-morpholinoethylamino)benzonitrile (0.5521 g, 1.8 mmol) in THF (0.13 g, 1.8 mmol) was added bis(iso-butyl)aluminum hydride (2.4 ml, 3.6 mmol) at 0° C. and the resulting bright yellow-orange solution was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Methyl chloroformate (0.17 ml, 2.1 mmol) was added to the reaction at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h, then treated with potassium tert-butoxide 1M THF (3.6 ml, 3.6 mmol) and heated to 60° C. for 5 h. After cooling, the reaction was quenched with NH₄Cl_((aq)) and water (10 mL each) and the separated aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated to give a crude residue. Flash column chromatographic purification (eluting with 100% DCM to 3% MeOH in DCM gradient) provided 6-bromo-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one as a sticky colorless oil. MS m/e 338 (M+H)⁺.

Step C: N-Cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared as pale yellow solid, using 6-Bromo-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one and N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide, by a method analogous to that described in Example 3 above. MS m/e 433 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 9

Synthesis of N-Cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide Step A: N-Cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared as pale yellow solid, using 6-Bromo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)one and N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide, by a method analogous to that described in Example 3 above. MS m/e 406 (M+H)⁺.

Step B: N-Cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared as pale yellow solid, using N-Cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-6-yl)benzamide, by a method analogous to that described in Example 3 above. MS m/e 404 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 10

Synthesis of tert-Butyl 4-(6-(5-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-oxoquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate Step A: tert-Butyl 4-(4-bromo-2-cyanophenylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate

5-bromo-2-fluorobenzonitrile (2.00 g, 10.00 mmol) and tert-butyl 4-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate (5.01 g, 25.0 mmol) were dissolved in a minimal amount of chloroform (3 ml) and heated at 110° C. for 20 h, during which all of the solvent evaporated. The resulting crude golden yellow oil was taken up in CH₂Cl₂ and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, and dried (MgSO₄). Flash chromatography with 25:10:65 and 35:10:55 EtOAc-CH₂Cl₂-Hexane of the concentrated organic layers gave the desired product, tert-butyl 4-(4-bromo-2-cyanophenylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate as a light yellow glassy foam. MS m/e 379.1 (M−H)⁻.

Step B: tert-Butyl 4-(2-(aminomethyl)-4-bromophenylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 4-(4-bromo-2-cyanophenylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.00 g, 3 mmol) in THF (10 ml, 123 mmol) under argon was added borane-tetrahydrofuran complex (8 ml, 8 mmol) and stirred at RT for 20 h. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. and quenched with MeOH. The mixture was further diluted with EtOAc and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, then dried (MgSO₄). Evaporation gave a relatively pure crop of the desired product, tert-butyl 4-(2-(aminomethyl)-4-bromophenylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate, which was used directly in the next step without further purification. MS m/e 385.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step C: tert-Butyl 4-(6-bromo-2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl 4-(2-(aminomethyl)-4-bromophenylamino) piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.09 g, 2.8 mmol) in THF (10 ml, 123 mmol) under argon was added 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (0.69 g, 4.3 mmol). The resulting golden yellow mixture was heated at 60° C. for 1 h, while monitoring the reaction by TLC and mass spec for completion. The reaction was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and washed with sat. NaHCO₃ and brine, then dried (MgSO₄). Flash chromatography with EtOAc-CH₂Cl₂-Hexane (gradient) of the concentrated organic layers gave the desired product, tert-butyl 4-(6-bromo-2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate as a white amorphous solid. MS m/e 410.1 (M)⁺, 412.2 (M+2H)⁺.

Step D: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(5-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

Into a 100-ml RBF under argon were charged with tert-butyl 4-(6-bromo-2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.50 g, 1 mmol), N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide (0.6 g, 2 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.07 g, 0.06 mmol), EtOH (1.00 ml, 17 mmol), and ethylene-glycol dimethyl ether (5.00 ml, 48 mmol), followed by sodium carbonate (2 ml, 4 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 90° C. for 20 h. LC-MS indicated mainly the desired product and none of the starting chloride. The reaction was cooled, diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, then dried (MgSO₄). Flash chromatography with 25:10:65, 40:10:50, 50:10:40, 60:10:30, 70:10:20, and 80:10:10 EtOAc-CH₂Cl₂-Hexane of the concentrated organic layers gave tert-butyl 4-(6-(5-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate as a white amorphous solid. MS m/e 527.2 (M+H+Na)⁺.

Step E: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(5-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-oxoquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared as a white solid, using tert-butyl 4-(6-(5-cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate, by a method analogous to that described in Step D of Example 3. MS m/e 503.3 (M+H)⁺.

The following compounds (Examples 11-14) were synthesized by methods analogous to those described in the examples above. Ex. No. Compound Name 0 M + H+ 11 3-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetra- C25 H22 432 hydro-6-quinazolinyl)-N-cyclopropyl-4- Cl N3 O2 methylbenzamide 12 3-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4- C24 H21 433 tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6- Cl N4 O2 yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide 13 N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-(tetra- C24 H25 404 hydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,2-dihydro-6- N3 O3 quinazolinyl)benzamide 14 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(6-(5-((cyclopropyl- C29 H34 503 amino)carbonyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo- N4 O4 1(2H)-quinazolinyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate

The following compounds in Tables 1 and 2 are additional representative examples of Formula I, as provided by the present invention. TABLE 1

Ex. No. R¹ R³ B L R⁷ or R⁸ 15 m-CF₃-Phenyl 2-CH₃- —NH— m-C(O)NH— pyrazole phenyl 16 1-morpholinyl 2-CH₃- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 17 1-piperazinyl 4-CH₃- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 18 1-piperidinyl phenyl bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 19 cyclohexyl-N— 6-CH3- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 20 morpholine-(CH2)2—N— 2-OCH3- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 22 (CH3)2N—(CH2)2—N— 4-OCH3- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 21 (C₂H₅)₂N—(CH₂)₂—N— phenyl bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 23 3-OH-1-pyrrolidinyl 6-OCH₃- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 24 3-amido-1-pyrrolidinyl 6-OCH₃- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 25 4-amido-1-piperidinyl 2-F- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 26 3-amido-1-piperidinyl 2-F- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 27 4N—CH3-1-piperizinyl 4-F- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 28 2-Cl-phenyl phenyl bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 29 2-CH3-phenyl 6-F- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 30 4-CH3-phenyl 2- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or thiophene cyclopropyl 31 4-Cl-phenyl 3- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or thiophene cyclopropyl 32 3-Cl-phenyl 2-pyridine bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 33 3-CH3-phenyl 3-pyridine bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 34 2-thiophene 2-CH3- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 35 3-thiophene 4-CH3- bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 36 2-pyridine phenyl bond m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 37 1-morpholinyl 2-CH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 38 1-piperazinyl 4-CH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 39 1-piperidinyl phenyl —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl 40 cyclohexyl-N— 6-CH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 41 morpholine-(CH2)2—N— 2-OCH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 42 (CH3)2N—(CH2)2—N— 4-OCH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 43 (C2H5)2N—(CH2)2—N— phenyl —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl 44 3-OH-1-pyrrolidinyl 6-OCH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 45 3-amido-1-pyrrolidinyl 6-OCH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 46 3-amido-1-piperidinyl 2-F- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 47 4-amido-1-piperidinyl 2-F- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 48 4N—CH3-1-piperizinyl 4-F- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 49 2-Cl-phenyl phenyl —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl 50 2-CH3-phenyl 6-F- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 51 4-CH3-phenyl 2- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl thiophene 52 4-Cl-phenyl 3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl thiophene 53 3-Cl-phenyl 2-pyridine —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl 54 3-CH3-phenyl 3-pyridine —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl 55 2-thiophene 2-CH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 56 3-thiophene 4-CH3- —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 57 2-pyridine phenyl —NH— m-C(O)NH— ethyl 58 1-morpholinyl 2-CH3- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 59 1-piperazinyl 4-CH3- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 60 1-piperidinyl phenyl —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl 61 cyclohexyl-N— 6-CH3- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 62 morpholine-(CH2)2—N— 2-OCH3- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 63 (CH3)2N—(CH2)2—N— 4-OCH3- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 64 (C₂H₅)₂N—(CH₂)₂—N— phenyl —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl 65 3-OH-1-pyrrolidinyl 6-OCH₃- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 66 3-amido-1-pyrrolidinyl 6-OCH₃- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 67 3-amido-1-piperidinyl 2-F- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 68 4-amido-1-piperidinyl 2-F- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 69 4N—CH₃-1-piperizinyl 4-F- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 70 2-Cl-phenyl phenyl —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl 71 2-CH₃-phenyl 6-F- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 72 4-CH₃-phenyl 2- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl thiophene 73 4-Cl-phenyl 3- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl thiophene 74 3-Cl-phenyl 2-pyridine —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl 75 3-CH₃-phenyl 3-pyridine —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl 76 2-thiophene 2-CH₃- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 77 3-thiophene 4-CH₃- —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 78 2-pyridine phenyl —O— m-C(O)NH— propyl 79 4-F-phenyl H —C(O)— m-C(O)NH— cyclopropyl

TABLE 2

Ex. No. R¹ R³ R⁵ L R¹⁰ or R¹¹ 80 1-morpholinyl 2-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 81 1-piperazinyl 4-CH₃— H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 82 1-piperidinyl phenyl H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 83 cyclohexyl-N— 6-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 84 morpholine- 2-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or (CH₂)₂—N— phenyl cyclopropyl 85 (CH₃)₂N—(CH₂)₂—N— 4-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 86 (C₂H₅)₂N— phenyl H m-C(O:)NH— Methyl or (CH₂)₂—N— cyclopropyl 87 3-OH-1- 6-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or pyrrolidinyl phenyl cyclopropyl 88 3-amido-1- 5-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or pyrrolidinyl phenyl cyclopropyl 89 4-amido-1- 2-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or piperidinyl cyclopropyl 90 3-amido-1- 2-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or piperidinyl cyclopropyl 91 4N—CH₃-1- 4-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or piperizinyl cyclopropyl 92 2-Cl-phenyl phenyl H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 93 2-CH₃-phenyl 6-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 94 4-CH₃-phenyl 2-thiophene H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 95 4-Cl-phenyl 3-thiophene H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 96 3-Cl-phenyl 2-pyridine H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 97 3-CH₃-phenyl 3-pyridine H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 98 2-thiophene 2-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 99 3-thiophene 4-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or phenyl cyclopropyl 100 2-pyridine phenyl H m-C(O)NH— Methyl or cyclopropyl 101 1-morpholinyl 2-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 102 1-piperazinyl 4-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 103 1-piperidinyl phenyl H m-C(O)NH— ethyl 104 cyclohexyl-N— 6-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 105 morpholine- 2-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— ethyl (CH₂)₂—N— phenyl 106 (CH₃)₂N—(CH₂)₂—N— 4-OCH₃— H m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 107 (C₂H₅)₂N— phenyl H m-C(O)NH— ethyl (CH₂)₂—N— 108 3-OH-1- 6-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— ethyl pyrrolidinyl phenyl 109 3-amido-1- 6-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— ethyl pyrrolidinyl phenyl 110 3-amido-1- 2-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— ethyl piperidinyl 111 4-amido-1- 2-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— ethyl piperidinyl 112 4N—CH₃-1- 4-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— ethyl piperizinyl 113 2-Cl-phenyl phenyl H m-C(O)NH— ethyl 114 2-CH₃-phenyl 6-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— ethyl 115 4-CH₃-phenyl 2-thiophene H m-C(O)NH— ethyl 116 4-Cl-phenyl 3-thiophene H m-C(O)NH— ethyl 117 3-Cl-phenyl 2-pyridine H m-C(O)NH— ethyl 118 3-CH₃-phenyl 3-pyridine H m-C(O)NH— ethyl 119 2-thiophene 2-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 120 3-thiophene 4-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— ethyl phenyl 121 2-pyridine phenyl H m-C(O)NH— ethyl 122 1-morpholinyl 2-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 123 1-piperazinyl 4-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 124 1-piperidinyl phenyl H m-C(O)NH— propyl 125 cyclohexyl-N— 6-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 126 morpholine- 2-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— propyl (CH₂)₂—N— phenyl 127 (CH₃)₂N—(CH₂)₂—N— 4-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 128 (C₂H₅)₂N— phenyl H m-C(O)NH— propyl (CH₂)₂—N— 129 3-OH-1- 6-OCH₃- H m-C(O)NH— propyl pyrrolidinyl phenyl 130 3-amido-1- 6-OCH₃— H m-C(O)NH— propyl pyrrolidinyl phenyl 131 3-amido-1- 2-F-phenyl H m- propyl piperidinyl C(O)NH 132 4-amido-1- 2-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— propyl piperidinyl 133 4N—CH₃-1- 4-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— propyl piperizinyl 134 2-Cl-phenyl phenyl H m-C(O)NH— propyl 135 2-CH₃-phenyl 6-F-phenyl H m-C(O)NH— propyl 136 4-CH₃-phenyl 2-thiophene H m-C(O)NH— propyl 137 4-Cl-phenyl 3-thiophene H m-C(O)NH— propyl 138 3-Cl-phenyl 2-pyridine H m-C(O)NH— propyl 139 3-CH₃-phenyl 3-pyridine H m-C(O)NH— propyl 140 2-thiophene 2-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 141 3-thiophene 4-CH₃- H m-C(O)NH— propyl phenyl 142 2-pyridine phenyl H m-C(O)NH— propyl 143 4-F-phenyl H CH₃ m-C(O)NH— cyclopropyl

While the examples described above provide processes for synthesizing compounds of Formula I, other methods may be utilized to prepare such compounds. Methods involving the use of protecting groups may be used. Particularly, if one or more functional groups, for example carboxy, hydroxy, amino, or mercapto groups, are or need to be protected in preparing the compounds of the invention, because they are not intended to take part in a specific reaction or chemical transformation, various known conventional protecting groups may be used. For example, protecting groups typically utilized in the synthesis of natural and synthetic compounds, including peptides, nucleic acids, derivatives thereof and sugars, having multiple reactive centers, chiral centers and other sites potentially susceptible to the reaction reagents and/or conditions, may be used.

The protecting groups may already be present in precursors and should protect the functional groups concerned against unwanted secondary reactions, such as acylations, etherifications, esterifications, oxidations, solvolysis, and similar reactions. It is a characteristic of protecting groups that they readily lend themselves, i.e. without undesired secondary reactions, to removal, typically accomplished by solvolysis, reduction, photolysis or other methods of removal such as by enzyme activity, under conditions analogous to physiological conditions. It should also be appreciated that the protecting groups should not be present in the end-products. The specialist knows, or can easily establish, which protecting groups are suitable with the reactions described herein.

The protection of functional groups by protecting groups, the protecting groups themselves, and their removal reactions (commonly referred to as “deprotection”) are described, for example, in standard reference works, such as J. F. W. McOmie, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, Plenum Press, London and New York (1973), in T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley, New York (1981), in The Peptides, Volume 3, E. Gross and J. Meienhofer editors, Academic Press, London and New York (1981), in Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Methods of Organic Chemistry), Houben Weyl, 4^(th) edition, Volume 15/1, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart (1974), in H.-D. Jakubke and H. Jescheit, Aminosäturen, Peptide, Proteine (Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Deerfield Beach, and Basel (1982), and in Jochen Lehmann, Chemie der Kohlenhydrate: Monosaccharide und Derivate (Chemistry of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Derivatives), Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart (1974).

Synthetic procedures may also be carried out where functional groups of starting compounds, which are not intended to take part in the reaction, may be present in unprotected form without the added step of protecting that group by, for example, one or more of the protecting groups mentioned above or taught in the references above.

Salts of a compound of the invention having a salt-forming group may be prepared in a conventional manner or manner known to persons skilled in the art. For example, acid addition salts of compounds of the invention may be obtained by treatment with an acid or with a suitable anion exchange reagent. A salt with two acid molecules (for example a dihalogenide) may also be converted into a salt with one acid molecule per compound (for example a monohalogenide); this may be done by heating to a melt, or for example by heating as a solid under a high vacuum at elevated temperature, for example from 50° C. to 170° C., one molecule of the acid being expelled per molecule of the compound.

Acid salts can usually be converted to free-base compounds, e.g. by treating the salt with suitable basic agents, for example with alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, or alkali metal hydroxides, typically potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. Exemplary salt forms and their preparation are described herein in the Definition section of the application.

All synthetic procedures described herein can be carried out under known reaction conditions, advantageously under those described herein, either in the absence or in the presence (usually) of solvents or diluents. As appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the solvents should be inert with respect to, and should be able to dissolve, the starting materials and other reagents used. Solvents should be able to partially or wholly solubilize the reactants in the absence or presence of catalysts, condensing agents or neutralizing agents, for example ion exchangers, typically cation exchangers for example in the H⁺ form. The ability of the solvent to allow and/or influence the progress or rate of the reaction is generally dependant on the type and properties of the solvent(s), the reaction conditions including temperature, pressure, atmospheric conditions such as in an inert atmosphere under argon or nitrogen, and concentration, and of the reactants themselves.

Suitable solvents for conducting reactions to synthesize compounds of the invention include, without limitation, water; esters, including lower alkyl-lower alkanoates, e.g., EtOAc; ethers including aliphatic ethers, e.g., Et₂O and ethylene glycol dimethylether or cyclic ethers, e.g., THF; liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene and xylene; alcohols, including MeOH, EtOH, 1-propanol, IPOH, n- and t-butanol; nitriles including CH₃CN; halogenated hydrocarbons, including CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃ and CCl₄; acid amides including DMF; sulfoxides, including DMSO; bases, including heterocyclic nitrogen bases, e.g. pyridine; carboxylic acids, including lower alkanecarboxylic acids, e.g., AcOH; inorganic acids including HCl, HBr, HF, H₂SO₄ and the like; carboxylic acid anhydrides, including lower alkane acid anhydrides, e.g., acetic anhydride; cyclic, linear, or branched hydrocarbons, including cyclohexane, hexane, pentane, isopentane and the like, and mixtures of these solvents, such as purely organic solvent combinations, or water-containing solvent combinations e.g., aqueous solutions. These solvents and solvent mixtures may also be used in “working-up” the reaction as well as in processing the reaction and/or isolating the reaction product(s), such as in chromatography.

The invention further encompasses “intermediate” compounds, including structures produced from the synthetic procedures described, whether isolated or not, prior to obtaining the finally desired compound. Structures resulting from carrying out steps from a transient starting material, structures resulting from divergence from the described method(s) at any stage, and structures forming starting materials under the reaction conditions are all “intermediates” included in the invention. Further, structures produced by using starting materials in the form of a reactive derivative or salt, or produced by a compound obtainable by means of the process according to the invention and structures resulting from processing the compounds of the invention in situ are also within the scope of the invention.

New starting materials and/or intermediates, as well as processes for the preparation thereof, are likewise the subject of this invention. In select embodiments, such starting materials are used and reaction conditions so selected as to obtain the desired compound(s).

Starting materials of the invention, are either known, commercially available, or can be synthesized in analogy to or according to methods that are known in the art. Many starting materials may be prepared according to known processes and, in particular, can be prepared using processes described in the examples. In synthesizing starting materials, functional groups may be protected with suitable protecting groups when necessary. Protecting groups, their introduction and removal are described above.

Compounds of the present invention can possess, in general, one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and are thus capable of existing in the form of optical isomers as well as in the form of racemic or non-racemic mixtures thereof. The optical isomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes, e.g., by formation of diastereoisomeric salts, by treatment with an optically active acid or base. Examples of appropriate acids are tartaric, diacetyltartaric, dibenzoyltartaric, ditoluoyltartaric, and camphorsulfonic acid and then separation of the mixture of diastereoisomers by crystallization followed by liberation of the optically active bases from these salts. A different process for separation of optical isomers involves the use of a chiral chromatography column optimally chosen to maximize the separation of the enantiomers. Still another available method involves synthesis of covalent diastereoisomeric molecules by reacting compounds of the invention with an optically pure acid in an activated form or an optically pure isocyanate. The synthesized diastereoisomers can be separated by conventional means such as chromatography, distillation, crystallization or sublimation, and then hydrolyzed to deliver the enantiomerically pure compound. The optically active compounds of the invention can likewise be obtained by using optically active starting materials. These isomers may be in the form of a free acid, a free base, an ester or a salt.

The compounds of the invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, scalemic mixtures, single enantiomers, individual diastereomers and diastereomeric mixtures. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included in the present invention.

The compounds of this invention may also be represented in multiple tautomeric forms. The invention expressly includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein.

The compounds may also occur in cis- or trans- or E- or Z-double bond isomeric forms. All such isomeric forms of such compounds are expressly included in the present invention. All crystal forms of the compounds described herein are expressly included in the present invention.

Substituents on ring moieties (e.g., phenyl, thienyl, etc.) may be attached to specific atoms, whereby they are intended to be fixed to that atom, or they may be drawn unattached to a specific atom, whereby they are intended to be attached at any available atom that is not already substituted by an atom other than H (hydrogen).

The compounds of this invention may contain heterocyclic ring systems attached to another ring system. Such heterocyclic ring systems may be attached through a carbon atom or a heteroatom in the ring system.

Alternatively, a compound of any of the formulas described herein may be synthesized according to any of the procedures described herein. In the procedures described herein, the steps may be performed in an alternate order may be preceded, or followed, by additional protection/deprotection steps as necessary. The procedures may further use appropriate reaction conditions, including inert solvents, additional reagents, such as bases (e.g., LDA, DIEA, pyridine, K₂CO₃, and the like), catalysts, and salt forms of the above. The intermediates may be isolated or carried on in situ, with or without purification. Purification methods are known in the art and include, for example, crystallization, chromatography (liquid and gas phase, and the like), extraction, distillation, trituration, reverse phase HPLC and the like. Reactions conditions such as temperature, duration, pressure, and atmosphere (inert gas, ambient) are known in the art and may be adjusted as appropriate for the reaction.

As can be appreciated by the skilled artisan, the above synthetic schemes are not intended to comprise a comprehensive list of all means by which the compounds described and claimed in this application may be synthesized. Further methods will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, the various synthetic steps described above may be performed in an alternate sequence or order to give the desired compounds. Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies (protection and deprotection) useful in synthesizing the inhibitor compounds described herein are known in the art and include, for example, those such as described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989); T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3^(rd) edition, John Wiley and Sons (1999); L. Fieser and M. Fieser, Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1994); A. Katritzky and A. Pozharski, Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2^(nd) edition (2001); M. Bodanszky, A. Bodanszky, The Practice of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (1984); J. Seyden-Penne, Reductions by the Alumino- and Borohydrides in Organic Synthesis, 2^(nd) edition, Wiley-VCH, (1997); and L. Paquette, editor, Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1995).

Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of making a compound of Formula I, the method comprising the step of reacting a compound 7,

wherein A¹, A², R⁷, R² and R⁴ are as defined herein and X is a halogen, such as bromine, with a boronic acid having a general formula

wherein R3 is as defined herein, to make a compound of Formula 1.

The compounds of the invention may be modified by appending appropriate functionalities to enhance selective biological properties. Such modifications are known in the art and include those which increase biological penetration into a given biological compartment (e.g., blood, lymphatic system, central nervous system), increase oral availability, increase solubility to allow administration by injection, alter metabolism and alter rate of excretion. By way of example, a compound of the invention may be modified to incorporate a hydrophobic group or “greasy” moiety in an attempt to enhance the passage of the compound through a hydrophobic membrane, such as a cell wall.

These detailed descriptions fall within the scope, and serve to exemplify, the above-described General Synthetic Procedures which form part of the invention. These detailed descriptions are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not intended as a restriction on the scope of the invention.

Although the pharmacological properties of the compounds of the invention (Formula I) vary with structural change, in general, activity possessed by compounds of Formula I may be demonstrated both in vitro as well as in vivo. Particularly, the pharmacological properties of the compounds of this invention may be confirmed by a number of pharmacological in vitro assays. The following exemplified pharmacological assays have been carried out with the compounds according to the invention. Compounds of the invention were found to inhibit the activity of various kinase enzymes, including, without limitation, p38 receptor kinase at doses less than 25 μM.

Biological Evaluation

The following assays were used to characterize the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit the production of TNF-α and IL-1-β. The second assay can be used to measure the inhibition of TNF-α and/or IL-1-β in mice after oral administration of the test compounds. The third assay, a glucagon binding inhibition in vitro assay, can be used to characterize the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit glucagon binding.

Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Monocyte TNF Production Assay

Isolation of Monocytes

Test compounds were evaluated in vitro for the ability to inhibit the production of TNF by monocytes activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fresh residual source leukocytes (a byproduct of plateletpheresis) were obtained from a local blood bank, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation on Ficol-Paque Plus (Pharmacia). PBMCs were suspended at 2×10⁶/mL in DMEM supplemented to contain 2% FCS, 10 mM, 0.3 mg/mL glutamate, 100 U/mL penicillin G and 100 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate (complete media). Cells were plated into Falcon flat bottom, 96 well culture plates (200 μL/well) and cultured overnight at 37° C. and 6% CO₂. Non-adherent cells were removed by washing with 200 μl/well of fresh medium. Wells containing adherent cells (˜70% monocytes) were replenished with 100 μL of fresh medium.

Preparation of Test Compound Stock Solutions

Test compounds were dissolved in DMZ. Compound stock solutions were prepared to an initial concentration of 10-50 μM. Stocks were diluted initially to 20-200 μM in complete media. Nine two-fold serial dilutions of each compound were then prepared in complete medium. Treatment of cells with test compounds and activation of TNF production with lipopolysaccharide.

One hundred microliters of each test compound dilution were added to microtiter wells containing adherent monocytes and 100 μL complete medium. Monocytes were cultured with test compounds for 60 min at which time 25 μL of complete medium containing 30 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide from E. coli K532 were added to each well. Cells were cultured an additional 4 hrs. Culture supernatants were then removed and TNF presence in the supernatants was quantified using an ELISA.

TNF ELISA

Flat bottom, 96 well Corning High Binding ELISA plates were coated overnight (4° C.) with 150 μL/well of 3 μg/mL murine anti-human TNF-α MAb (R&D Systems #MAB210). Wells were then blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 200 μL/well of CaCl₂-free ELISA buffer supplemented to contain 20 mg/mL BSA (standard ELISA buffer: 20 mM, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl₂, 0.15 mM thimerosal, pH 7.4). Plates were washed and replenished with 100 μL of test supernatants (diluted 1:3) or standards. Standards consisted of eleven 1.5-fold serial dilutions from a stock of 1 ng/mL recombinant human TNF (R&D Systems). Plates were incubated at room temperature for 1 h on orbital shaker (300 rpm), washed and replenished with 100 μL/well of 0.5 μg/mL goat anti-human TNF-α(R&D systems #AB-210-NA) biotinylated at a 4:1 ratio. Plates were incubated for 40 min, washed and replenished with 100 μL/well of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidin (Jackson ImmunoResearch #016-050-084) at 0.02 μg/mL. Plates were incubated 30 min, washed and replenished with 200 μL/well of 1 mg/mL of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. After 30 min, plates were read at 405 nm on a V_(max) plate reader.

Data Analysis

Standard curve data were fit to a second order polynomial and unknown TNF-α concentrations determined from their OD by solving this equation for concentration. TNF concentrations were then plotted vs. test compound concentration using a second order polynomial. This equation was then used to calculate the concentration of test compounds causing a 50% reduction in TNF production.

Compounds of the invention can also be shown to inhibit LPS-induced release of IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 from monocytes by measuring concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 by methods well known to those skilled in the art. In a similar manner to the above described assay involving the LPS induced release of TNF-α from monocytes, compounds of this invention can also be shown to inhibit LPS induced release of IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 from monocytes by measuring concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Thus, the compounds of the invention may lower elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Reducing elevated levels of these inflammatory cytokines to basal levels or below is favorable in controlling, slowing progression, and alleviating many disease states. All of the compounds are useful in the methods of treating disease states in which TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 play a role to the full extent of the definition of TNF-α-mediated diseases described herein.

Lipopolysaccharide-Activated THP1 Cell TNF Production Assay

THP1 cells are re-suspended in fresh THP1 media (RPMI 1640, 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 1XPGS, 1XNEM, plus 30 μM βME) at a concentration of 1E6/mL. One hundred microliters of cells per well were plated in a polystyrene 96-well tissue culture. One microgram per mL of bacterial LPS is prepared in THP1 media and is transferred to the wells. Test compounds are dissolved in 100% DMSO and are serially diluted 3 fold in a polypropylene 96-well microtiter plate (drug plate). HI control and LO control wells contain only DMSO. One microliter of test compound from the drug plate followed by 10 μL of LPS were transferred to the cell plate. The treated cells are induced to synthesize and secrete TNF-α at 37° C. for 3 h. Forty microliters of conditioned media are transferred to a 96-well polypropylene plate containing 110 μL of ECL buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.05% NaN₃ and 1% FBS) supplemented with 0.44 nM MAB610 monoclonal Ab (R&D Systems), 0.34 nM ruthenylated AF210NA polyclonal Ab (R&D Systems) and 44 μg/mL sheep anti-mouse M280 Dynabeads (Dynal). After a 2 h incubation at room temperature with shaking, the reaction is read on the ECL M8 Instrument (IGEN Inc.). A low voltage is applied to the ruthenylated TNF-α immune complexes, which in the presence of TPA (the active component in Origlo), results in a cyclical redox reaction generating light at 620 nM. The amount of secreted TNF-αin the presence of compound compared with that in the presence of DMSO vehicle alone (HI control) is calculated using the formula: % control (POC)=(cpd−average LO)/(average HI−average LO)*100. Data (consisting of POC and inhibitor concentration in μM) is fitted to a 4-parameter equation (y=A+((B−A)/(1+((x/C)ˆD))), where A is the minimum y (POC) value, B is the maximum y (POC), C is the x (cpd concentration) at the point of inflection and D is the slope factor) using a Levenburg-Marquardt non-linear regression algorithm.

The compounds of Examples 1-15 exhibited activities in the THP-cellular TNF release assay with IC₅₀ values of 2.5 μM or less. Of the compounds tested, the compounds of Examples 3, 5-11 and 13-15 exhibited activities in the THP-cellular TNF release assay with IC₅₀ values of 1.0 μM or less. Of the compounds tested, the compounds of Examples 3, 5-6, 8-11 and 13-14 exhibited activities in the THP-cellular TNF release assay with IC₅₀ values of 100 nM or less. Of the compounds tested, the compounds of Examples 3, 6 and 13-14 exhibited activities in the THP-cellular TNF release assay with IC₅₀ values of 10 nM or less.

Inhibition of LPS-Induced TNF-α Production in Mice

Male DBA/1LACJ mice are dosed with vehicle or test compounds in a vehicle (the vehicle consisting of 0.5% tragacanth in 0.03 N HCl) 30 minutes prior to lipopolysaccharide (2 mg/Kg, I.V.) injection. Ninety minutes after LPS injection, blood is collected and the serum is analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α levels.

Compounds of the invention may be shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of inflammation, including carageenan paw edema, collagen induced arthritis and adjuvant arthritis, such as the carageenan paw edema model (C. A. Winter et al Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. (1962) vol 111, p 544; K. F. Swingle, in R. A. Scherrer and M. W. Whitehouse, Eds., Anti-inflammatory Agents, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 13-II, Academic, New York, 1974, p. 33) and collagen induced arthritis (D. E. Trentham et al J. Exp. Med. (1977) vol. 146, p 857; J. S. Courtenay, Nature (New Biol.) (1980), Vol 283, p 666).

¹²⁵I-Glucagon Binding Screen with CHO/hGLUR Cells

The assay is described in WO 97/16442, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Reagents

The reagents can be prepared as follows: (a) prepare fresh 1M o-Phenanthroline (Aldrich) (198.2 mg/mL ethanol); (b) prepare fresh 0.5M DTT (Sigma); (c) Protease Inhibitor Mix (1000×): 5 mg leupeptin, 10 mg benzamidine, 40 mg bacitracin and 5 mg soybean trypsin inhibitor per mL DMSO and store aliquots at −20° C.; (d) 250 μM human glucagon (Peninsula): solubilize 0.5 mg vial in 575 μl 0.1N acetic acid (1 μL yields 1 μM final concentration in assay for non-specific binding) and store in aliquots at −20° C.; (e) Assay Buffer: 20 mM Tris (pH 7.8), 1 mM DTT and 3 mM o-phenanthroline; (f) Assay Buffer with 0.1% BSA (for dilution of label only; 0.01% final in assay): 10 μL 10% BSA (heat-inactivated) and 990 μL Assay Buffer; (g) ¹²⁵I-Glucagon (NEN, receptor-grade, 2200 Ci/mmol): dilute to 50,000 cpm/25 μL in assay buffer with BSA (about 50 pM final concentration in assay).

Harvesting of CHO/hGLUR Cells for Assay

1. Remove media from confluent flask then rinse once each with PBS (Ca, Mg-free) and Enzyme-free Dissociation Fluid (Specialty Media, Inc.).

2. Add 10 mL Enzyme-free Dissoc. Fluid and hold for about 4 min at 37° C.

3. Gently tap cells free, triturate, take aliquot for counting and centrifuge remainder for 5 min at 1000 rpm.

4. Resuspend pellet in Assay Buffer at 75000 cells per 100 μL.

Membrane preparations of CHO/hGLUR cells can be used in place of whole cells at the same assay volume. Final protein concentration of a membrane preparation is determined on a per batch basis.

Assay

The determination of inhibition of glucagon binding can be carried out by measuring the reduction of I¹²⁵-glucagon binding in the presence of compounds of Formula I. The reagents are combined as follows: CHO/ Compound/ 250 μM ¹²⁵I- hGLUR Vehicle Glucagon Glucagon Cells Total Binding + —/5 μl — 25 μL 100 μL Compound 5 μl/—   — 25 μL 100 μL Nonspecific —/5 μl 1 μl 25 μL 100 μL Binding The mixture is incubated for 60 min at 22° C. on a shaker at 275 rpm. The mixture is filtered over pre-soaked (0.5% polyethylimine (PEI)) GF/C filtermat using an Innotech Harvester or Tomtec Harvester with four washes of ice-cold 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.8). The radioactivity in the filters is determined by a gamma-scintillation counter.

The compounds of Examples 1-15 exhibited activities in the monocyte assay (LPS induced TNF release) with IC₅₀ values of 25 μM or less.

Indications

Accordingly, compounds of the invention are useful for, but not limited to, the prevention or treatment of inflammation and related diseases. In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of treating a disorder related to a protein kinase enzyme in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective dosage amount of a compound of a compound of Formula I. In another embodiment, the kinase enzyme is p38.

Based on the ability to modulate kinases impacting pro-inflammatory cytokine production, the compounds of the invention are also useful in treatment and therapy of cytokine-mediated diseases. Particularly, these compounds can be used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Pagets disease, osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, uveititis, acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia, pancreatic β cell destruction, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, gouty arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, allergic rhinitis, ulcerative colitis, anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, asthma, muscle degeneration, cachexia, Reiter's syndrome, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, bone resorption diseases, graft vs. host reaction, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, brain trauma, multiple sclerosis, cerebral malaria, sepsis, septic shock, toxic shock syndrome, fever, myalgias due to HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses or herpes zoster infection, or any combination thereof, in a subject.

An example of an inflammation related disorder is (a) synovial inflammation, for example, synovitis, including any of the particular forms of synovitis, in particular bursal synovitis and purulent synovitis, as far as it is not crystal-induced. Such synovial inflammation may for example, be consequential to or associated with disease, e.g. arthritis, e.g. osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or arthritis deformans. The present invention is further applicable to the systemic treatment of inflammation, e.g. inflammatory diseases or conditions, of the joints locomotor apparatus in the region of the tendon insertions and tendon sheaths. Such inflammation may be, for example, consequential to or associated with disease or further (in a broader sense of the invention) with surgical intervention, including, in particular conditions such as insertion endopathy, myofasciale syndrome and tendomyosis. The present invention is further applicable to the treatment of inflammation, e.g. inflammatory disease or condition, of connective tissues including dermatomyositis and myositis.

The compounds of the invention can also be used as active agents against such disease states as arthritis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, hemangiomas, myocardial angiogenesis, coronary and cerebral collaterals, ischemic limb angiogenesis, wound healing, peptic ulcer Helicobacter related diseases, fractures, cat scratch fever, rubeosis, neovascular glaucoma and retinopathies such as those associated with diabetic retinopathy or macular degeneration.

The present invention also provides methods for the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders, comprising the step of administering to a subject in need thereof at least one compound of the Formula I in an amount effective therefore. Other therapeutic agents such as those described below may be employed with the inventive compounds in the present methods. In the methods of the present invention, such other therapeutic agent(s) may be administered prior to, simultaneously with or following the administration of the compound(s) of the present invention.

The present invention also provides for a method for treating the aforementioned disorders such as atopic dermatitis by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, which is an inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase, to a patient, whether or not in need of such treatment.

In yet another embodiment, the compounds are useful for decreasing the level of, or lowering plasma concentrations of, one or more of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in a subject, generally a mammal and typically a human.

In yet another embodiment, the compounds are useful for treating a pain disorder in a subject, which is typically a human by administering to the subject an effective dosage amount of a compound according to formula 1.

Besides being useful for human treatment, these compounds are useful for veterinary treatment of companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals, including mammals, rodents, and the like. For example, animals including horses, dogs, and cats may be treated with compounds provided by the invention.

Formulations and Method of Use

Treatment of diseases and disorders herein is intended to also include therapeutic administration of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of either to a subject (i.e., an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human) which may be in need of preventative treatment, such as, for example, for pain, inflammation and the like. Treatment also encompasses prophylactic administration of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of either to a subject (i.e., an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human). Generally, the subject is initially diagnosed by a licensed physician and/or authorized medical practitioner, and a regimen for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment via administration of the compound(s) or compositions of the invention is suggested, recommended or prescribed.

The amount of compound(s) which is/are administered and the dosage regimen for treating TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 mediated diseases, cancer, and/or hyperglycemia with the compounds and/or compositions of this invention depends on a variety of factors, including the age, weight, sex and medical condition of the subject, the type of disease, the severity of the disease, the route and frequency of administration, and the particular compound employed. Thus, the dosage regimen may vary widely, but can be determined routinely using standard methods. A daily dose of about 0.01 to 500 mg/kg, advantageously between about 0.01 and about 50 mg/kg, more advantageously about 0.01 and about 30 mg/kg, even more advantageously between about 0.1 and about 10 mg/kg, and even more advantageously between about 0.25 and about 1 mg/kg body weight may be appropriate, and should be useful for all methods of use disclosed herein. The daily dose can be administered in one to four doses per day.

While it may be possible to administer a compound of the invention alone, in the methods described, the compound administered normally will be present as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition. Thus, in another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of this invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which includes diluents, excipients, adjuvants and the like (collectively referred to herein as “carrier” materials) as described herein, and, if desired, other active ingredients. A pharmaceutical composition of the invention may comprise an effective amount of a compound of the invention or an effective dosage amount of a compound of the invention. An effective dosage amount of a compound of the invention includes an amount less than, equal to or greater than an effective amount of the compound; for example, a pharmaceutical composition in which two or more unit dosages, such as in tablets, capsules and the like, are required to administer an effective amount of the compound, or alternatively, a multi-dose pharmaceutical composition, such as powders, liquids and the like, in which an effective amount of the compound is administered by administering a portion of the composition.

The compound(s) of the present invention may be administered by any suitable route, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended. The compounds and compositions of the present invention may, for example, be administered orally, mucosally, topically, rectally, pulmonarily such as by inhalation spray, or parentally including intravascularly, intravenously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly intrasternally and infusion techniques, in dosage unit formulations containing conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles.

For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, a tablet, capsule, suspension or liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a particular amount of the active ingredient. Examples of such dosage units are tablets or capsules. For example, these may contain an amount of active ingredient from about 1 to 2000 mg, advantageously from about 1 to 500 mg, and typically from about 5 to 150 mg. A suitable daily dose for a human or other mammal may vary widely depending on the condition of the patient and other factors, but, once again, can be determined using routine methods and practices.

For therapeutic purposes, the active compounds of this invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants or “excipients” appropriate to the indicated route of administration. If orally administered on a per dose basis, the compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, to form the final formulation. For example, the active compound(s) and excipient(s) may be tableted or encapsulated by known and accepted methods for convenient administration. Examples of suitable formulations include, without limitation, pills, tablets, soft and hard-shell gel capsules, troches, orally-dissolvable forms and delayed or controlled-release formulations thereof. Particularly, capsule or tablet formulations may contain one or more controlled-release agents, such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, as a dispersion with the active compound(s).

In the case of psoriasis and other skin conditions, it may be preferable to apply a topical preparation of compounds of this invention to the affected area two to four times a day. Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin (e.g., liniments, lotions, ointments, creams, pastes, suspensions and the like) and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear, or nose. A suitable topical dose of active ingredient of a compound of the invention is 0.1 mg to 150 mg administered one to four, preferably one or two times daily. For topical administration, the active ingredient may comprise from 0.001% to 10% w/w, e.g., from 1% to 2% by weight of the formulation, although it may comprise as much as 10% w/w, but preferably not more than 5% w/w, and more preferably from 0.1% to 1% of the formulation.

When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed with either paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base. If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. The topical formulation may desirably include a compound, which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include DMSO and related analogs.

The compounds of this invention can also be administered by transdermal device. Preferably transdermal administration will be accomplished using a patch either of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrix variety. In either case, the active agent is delivered continuously from the reservoir or microcapsules through a membrane into the active agent permeable adhesive, which is in contact with the skin or mucosa of the recipient. If the active agent is absorbed through the skin, a controlled and predetermined flow of the active agent is administered to the recipient. In the case of microcapsules, the encapsulating agent may also function as the membrane.

The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it may comprise a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier, which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make-up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base, which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations. Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the present invention include, for example, Tween 60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax, or other materials well known in the art.

The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties, since the solubility of the active compound in most oils likely to be used in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations is very low. Thus, the cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non-staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters may be used. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be used.

Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules using one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration or by using other suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, tragacanth gum, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art. The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition with suitable carriers including saline, dextrose, or water, or with cyclodextrin (ie. Captisol), cosolvent solubilization (ie. propylene glycol) or micellar solubilization (ie. Tween 80).

The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition with suitable carriers including saline, dextrose, or water. The daily parenteral dosage regimen will be from about 0.1 to about 30 mg/kg of total body weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 0.25 mg to 1 mg/kg.

For pulmonary administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered in the form of an aerosol or with an inhaler including dry powder aerosol.

Suppositories for rectal administration of the drug can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient such as cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols that are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum and release the drug.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical operations such as sterilization and/or may contain conventional adjuvants, such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, buffers etc. Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared with enteric coatings. Such compositions may also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.

Accordingly, in yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a medicament, for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions, including but not limited to inflammation, the method comprising combining an amount of a compound according to Formula I with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to manufacture the medicament.

Combinations

While the compounds of the invention can be dosed or administered as the sole active pharmaceutical agent, they can also be used in combination with one or more compounds of the invention or in conjunction with other agents. When administered as a combination, the therapeutic agents can be formulated as separate compositions that are administered simultaneously or sequentially at different times, or the therapeutic agents can be given as a single composition.

The phrase “co-therapy” (or “combination-therapy”), in defining use of a compound of the present invention and another pharmaceutical agent, is intended to embrace administration of each agent in a sequential manner in a regimen that will provide beneficial effects of the drug combination, and is intended as well to embrace co-administration of these agents in a substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single capsule having a fixed ratio of these active agents or in multiple, separate capsules for each agent. Specifically, the administration of compounds of the present invention may be in conjunction with additional therapies known to those skilled in the art in the prevention or treatment of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 mediated diseases, cancer, and/or hyperglycemia.

If formulated as a fixed dose, such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the accepted dosage ranges. Compounds of Formulas I and II may also be administered sequentially with known anti-inflammatory agents when a combination formulation is inappropriate. The invention is not limited in the sequence of administration; compounds of the invention may be administered either prior to, simultaneous with or after administration of the known anti-inflammatory agent.

The compounds of the invention may also be used in co-therapies with anti-neoplastic agents such as other kinase inhibitors, including p38 inhibitors and CDK inhibitors, TNF inhibitors, metallomatrix proteases inhibitors (MMP), COX-2 inhibitors including celecoxib, rofecoxib, parecoxib, valdecoxib, and etoricoxib, NSAID's, SOD mimics or α_(v)β₃ inhibitors.

The foregoing description is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the disclosed compounds, compositions and methods. Variations and changes, which are obvious to one skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope and nature of the invention, as defined in the appended claims. From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. All patents and other publications recited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 

1. A compound of Formula I:

or a stereoisomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein s is a double bond when T is absent or s is a single bond when T is R¹ or H; each of A¹ and A², independently, is CR⁵ or N; B is a direct bond, —(CR⁵R⁶)_(m)—, —C(═O)—, —N(R⁶)—, —O—, or —S(═O)_(m)—, wherein m is 0, 1 or 2; T is absent, R¹ or —H; R¹ is —C(R⁷R⁷)_(n)X or —C(R⁷R⁸)_(n)X, wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 and X is NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁷, SR⁷, OR⁸, SR⁸, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷(COOR⁷), OC(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁸), OC(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸ or a 3-8 membered monocyclic or 6-12 membered bicyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic or 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring system is optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents of R⁷, R⁸ or R⁹; R² is H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁵ or R⁹; R³ is a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 5-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein said ring system is substituted independently with one or more substituents of R⁹, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁷, SR⁷, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁷, C(S)R⁷, C(NCN)R⁷, C(O)R⁸, C(S)R⁸, C(NCN)R⁸, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷(COOR⁷), OC(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷(COOR⁸), OC(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸ or NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸; R⁴ is H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹; each R⁵ is, independently, H, halo, haloalkyl, NO₂, CN, OR⁷, SR⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, C(O)R⁷, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹; R⁶ is H, CN or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, wherein the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl optionally comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of R⁹; R⁷ is H, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl or C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl and C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents of NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹R⁹, OR⁸, SR⁸, OR⁹, SR⁹, C(O)R⁸, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)R⁹, OC(O)R⁹, COOR⁹, C(O)NR⁸R⁹, C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹C(O)R⁸, NR⁹C(O)R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹(COOR⁸), NR⁹(COOR⁹), OC(O)NR⁸R⁹, OC(O)NR⁹R⁹, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁸R⁹, S(O)₂R⁹, S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁸, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁹, R⁸ or R⁹; R³ is a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 3-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and wherein each ring of said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹, oxo, NR⁹R⁹, OR⁹, SR⁹, C(O)R⁹, COOR⁹, C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹C(O)R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁹R⁹, OC(O)NR⁹R⁹, S(O)₂R⁹, S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁹, or a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 5-6 membered ring of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹; alternatively, R⁷ and R⁸ taken together form a saturated or partially or fully unsaturated 5-6 membered monocyclic or 7-10 membered bicyclic ring of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and the ring optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹; and R⁹ is H, halo, haloalkyl, CN, OH, NO₂, NH₂, oxo, acetyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₄₋₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-dialkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-alkoxyl, C₁₋₁₀-thioalkoxyl or a saturated or partially or fully unsaturated 3-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-dialkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-alkoxyl, C₁₋₁₀-thioalkoxyl and ring of said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of halo, haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, NH₂, OH, oxo, methyl, methoxyl, ethyl, ethoxyl, propyl, propoxyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, benzyl or phenyl, provided that (1) when T is not absent, then one of R¹ and T is H, and (2) when s is absent, T is R¹ or H and B is a direct bond, then R³ is not 4,5-dihydro-3-oxo-pyridazine, 2-oxo-pyridin-5-yl, 2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-4-yl, 2-oxo-pyrimidin-4-yl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydro- and tetrahydro-furyl, dihydro- and tetrahydro-pyrrolyl and dihydro- and tetrahydro-thienyl.
 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein s is a double bond and T is absent.
 3. The compound of claim 1 wherein s is a single bond and T is H.
 4. The compound of claim 1 wherein A¹ is N.
 5. The compound of claim 1 wherein B is a direct bond.
 6. The compound of claim 1 wherein A¹ is CR⁵ or N; A² is CR⁵; and R³ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl or benzimidazolyl.
 7. The compound of claim 1 wherein R² is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl.
 8. The compound of claim 1 wherein R⁴ is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl.
 9. The compound of claim 1 wherein said at least one substituent on R³ is C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR¹⁰C(O)NR¹⁰R¹¹, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸.
 10. The compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ is a ring system selected from phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dioxozinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, wherein said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, oxo, OR⁷, SR⁷, C(O)R⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁸, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁸, OC(O)R⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O₂)NR⁷R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸.
 11. The compound of claim 1 wherein A is CR⁵ or N; A² is CR⁵; R¹ is a ring system selected from phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dioxozinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, wherein the ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, oxo, OR⁷, SR⁷, C(O)R⁷, NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷R⁸, OR⁸, SR⁸, C(O)R⁸, COOR⁷, OC(O)R⁷, COOR⁸, OC(O)R⁸, C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O₂)NR⁷R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸; R² is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl; R³ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl or benzimidazolyl, said R³ substituted with one substituent of C(O)NR⁷R⁷, C(S)NR⁷R⁷, C(O)NR⁷R⁸, C(S)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(O)R⁷, NR⁷C(S)R⁷, NR⁷C(O)R⁸, NR⁷C(S)R⁸, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(O)NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁷, NR⁷C(S)NR⁷R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁷, S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂NR⁷R⁸, NR⁷S(O)₂R⁷ or NR⁷S(O)₂R⁸ and 0-3 substituents of R⁹; R⁴ is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl; R⁵ is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl; R⁶ is H or C₁₋₁₀-alkyl; R⁷ is H, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl or C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl and C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl optionally comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents of NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹R⁹, OR⁸, SR⁸, OR⁹, SR⁹, C(O)R⁸, OC(O)R⁸, COOR⁸, C(O)R⁹, OC(O)R⁹, COOR⁹, C(O)NR⁸R⁹, C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹C(O)R⁸, NR⁹C(O)R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹(COOR⁸), NR⁹(COOR⁹), OC(O)NR⁸R⁹, OC(O)NR⁹R⁹, S(O)₂R⁸, S(O)₂NR⁸R⁹, S(O)₂R⁹, S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂NR⁸R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁸, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁹, R⁸ or R⁹; R⁸ is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, isoquinazolinyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, isoxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, pyrazolinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, dioxozinyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl, each of which is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹, oxo, NR⁹R⁹, OR⁹, SR⁹, C(O)R⁹, COOR⁹, C(O)NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹C(O)R⁹, NR⁹C(O)NR⁹R⁹, OC(O)NR⁹R⁹, S(O)₂R⁹, S(O)₂NR⁹R⁹, NR⁹S(O)₂R⁹, or a partially or fully saturated or unsaturated 5-6 membered ring of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹; alternatively, R⁷ and R⁸ taken together form a saturated or partially or fully unsaturated 5-6 membered monocyclic or 7-10 membered bicyclic ring of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, and the ring optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of R⁹; and R⁹ is H, halo, haloalkyl, CN, OH, NO₂, NH₂, acetyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₄₋₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-dialkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-alkoxyl, C₁₋₁₀-thioalkoxyl or a saturated or partially or fully unsaturated 3-8 membered monocyclic, 6-12 membered bicyclic, or 7-14 membered tricyclic ring system, said ring system formed of carbon atoms optionally including 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S, wherein each of the C₁₋₁₀-alkyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀-alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₁₋₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁₋₁₀-alkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-dialkylamino-, C₁₋₁₀-alkoxyl, C₁₋₁₀-thioalkoxyl and ring of said ring system is optionally substituted independently with 1-3 substituents of halo, haloalkyl, CN, NO₂, NH₂, OH, oxo, methyl, methoxyl, ethyl, ethoxyl, propyl, propoxyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, benzyl or phenyl.
 12. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, selected from: N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(3-((4-(methyloxy)phenyl)methyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-quinazolinyl)benzamide; N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-quinazolinyl)benzamide; 3-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-qinazolinyl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide; 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-(4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinazolinone; 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(6-(5-((cyclopropylamino)carbonyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-quinazolinyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate; N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-quinazolinyl)benzamide; 3-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide; 6-chloro-1-(phenylmethyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone; 3-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-6-quinazolinyl)-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide; N,4-dimethyl-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-6-quinazolinyl)benzamide; N,4-dimethyl-3-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-6-quinazolinyl)benzamide; N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-6-quinazolinyl)benzamide; N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(1-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-6-quinazolinyl)benzamide; N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(2-oxo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1,2-dihydro-6-quinazolinyl)benzamide; and 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-(6-(5-((cyclopropylamino)carbonyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-1(2H)-quinazolinyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate.
 13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound according to claim
 1. 14. A method of treating a disorder related to the activity of p38 in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective dosage amount of a compound according to claim
 1. 15. A method of treating rheumatoid arthritis, Pagets disease, osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, uveititis, acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia, pancreatic β cell destruction, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, gouty arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, allergic rhinitis, ulcerative colitis, anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, asthma, muscle degeneration, cachexia, Reiter's syndrome, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, bone resorption diseases, graft vs. host reaction, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, brain trauma, multiple sclerosis, cerebral malaria, sepsis, septic shock, toxic shock syndrome, fever, myalgias due to HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses or herpes zoster infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective dosage amount of a compound according to any of claims
 1. 16. A method of lowering plasma concentrations of either or both TNF-α or IL-1 in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective dosage amount of a compound according to claim
 1. 17. A method of lowering plasma concentrations of either or both IL-6 or IL-8 in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective dosage amount of a compound according to claim
 1. 18. A method of treating a pain disorder in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective dosage amount of a compound according to claim
 1. 19. A method of making a compound according to claim 1, the method comprising the step of reacting a compound 7

wherein A¹, A², R¹, R² and R⁴ are as defined in claim 1 and X is a halogen, with a boronic acid having a general formula

wherein R3 is as defined in claim 1, to make a compound of claim
 1. 